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Research Scenario

We have soccer player dataset of 500 rows. With this research we aim to answer the following questions

Research questions

  • Is their a relationship between value and wage of the soccer player ?
  • How strong is the relationship ?
  • Which other factors are associated with player’s wage ?
  • How large is the association between each factor and wage ?
  • How accurately can we predict wage of the player ?
  • Is the relationship linear ?

The goal of the research is to predict wage of the soccer player

2. Data Cleaning

Renaming of the club names with proper names with no special characters is done so that data can be parsed and processed. Rows with incorrect column values are removed like players with no wage.

data$Club[data$Club == "Atl\xe9tico Madrid"] <- "Atletico Madrid"
data$Club[data$Club == "FC Bayern M\xfcnchen"] <- "FC Bayern Munchen"
data$Club[data$Club == "Borussia M\xf6nchengladbach
"] <- "Borussia Monchengladbach"
data$Club[data$Club == "Be?ikta? JK"] <- "Besiktas JK"
data$Club[data$Club == "Fenerbah\xe7e SK"] <- "Fenerbahce SK"
data$Club[data$Club == "Gr\xeamio"] <- "Gremio"
data$Club[data$Club == "AS Saint-\xc9tienne"] <- "AS Saint Etienne"
data$Club[data$Club == "Medipol Ba?ak?ehir FK"] <- "Basaksehir FK"
data$Club[data$Club == "Borussia M\xf6nchengladbach"] <- "Borussia Monchengladbach"
data$Club[data$Club == "1. FC K\xf6ln"] <- "1. FC Koln"
data$Club[data$Club == "Deportivo Alav\xe9s"] <- "Deportivo Alaves"
data$Club[data$Club == "Guangzhou R&F; FC"] <- "Guangzhou City F.C."
data$Club[data$Club == "Atl\xe9tico Mineiro"] <- "Atletico Mineiro"


data <- data[data$Wage_in_K!=0,]
names(data) <- make.names(names(data))

write.csv(data,'clean_data.csv')

3. Data Analysis

Various statistical methods like Correlation tests, Simple Linear Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, ANOVA and ANCOVA are used for analysis

Correlation test

Check whether value of the player is associated with the his wage ?

attach(data)
view(data)
plot( Value_in_M, Wage_in_K, xlab = 'Value', ylab = 'Wage', main = 'Relation between wage and value of the player')

cor(Value_in_M, Wage_in_K)
## [1] 0.7531636

The correlation coefficient of 0.75 indicates value of the player is strongly associated with his wage and the direction is positive.

3.1 Simple Least Square Linear Regression

\[ \text{wage} = f(\text{value}) \] \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 \times x_{value}\]

# SLR
m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M)
# plot SLR
plot( Value_in_M, Wage_in_K, xlab = 'Value', ylab = 'Wage', main = 'SLR between wage and value of player')
abline(m, col='red')

# SLR summary
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -181.579  -32.366   -4.686   27.449  203.132 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  -1.1410     4.3343  -0.263    0.792    
## Value_in_M    3.4904     0.1367  25.524   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 50.31 on 497 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5673, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5664 
## F-statistic: 651.5 on 1 and 497 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
mse <- mean(residuals(m)^2)
print(mse)
## [1] 2521.132
# CI of coefficients
upper.c1 <- coef(m)[1]+qt(0.95,500-2)*4.3343
lower.c1 <- coef(m)[1]-qt(0.95,500-2)*4.3343

upper.value <- coef(m)[2]+qt(0.95,500-2)*0.1367
lower.value <- coef(m)[2]-qt(0.95,500-2)*0.1367
  • As p-value of the model << 0.05 for \(\alpha\)=0.05, model is significant. Hence their is good evidence that Value is significant predictor of Wage.

  • Value predictor explains 56.8% of variance in Wage.

  • 95% confidence interval for \(\beta_0\) is [-8.28, 6] and the 95% confidence interval for \(\beta_1\) is [3.27, 3.72]. Therefore we can conclude that if the player has no value, his wage will fall between 0 to 6K dollars. Futhermore, for each 100 million increase in value of the player, there will be an average increase in wage of between 327K to 372K dollars.

- Residual plot analysis

plot(Value_in_M, residuals(m), xlab = 'Value of the player (X)', ylab = 'Residual')
abline(h=0)

plot(Wage_in_K, residuals(m), xlab = 'Wage of the player(Y)', ylab = 'Residual')
abline(h=0)

hist(residuals(m))

  • Clear obvious pattern emerges in residual plot.
  • As X increase variability of outcome increase.
  • Residuals are normally distributed.
  • It clearly violates the linearity and constant variance assumptions. Hence, non-linear relationship exist between the factors Wage and value.

- Transformation

new.data <- data[Wage_in_K!=0,]

- Take log of response variable

\[log(Y_{wage}) = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{value}\]

cor(new.data$Value_in_M, log(new.data$Wage_in_K))
## [1] 0.5492958
m <- lm(log(new.data$Wage_in_K)~new.data$Value_in_M)
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = log(new.data$Wage_in_K) ~ new.data$Value_in_M)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.9942 -0.3337  0.1350  0.5066  1.3229 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)         3.316942   0.069754   47.55   <2e-16 ***
## new.data$Value_in_M 0.032251   0.002201   14.65   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8097 on 497 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3017, Adjusted R-squared:  0.3003 
## F-statistic: 214.8 on 1 and 497 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Strength of linear relationship (correlation) decreases to 0.54. R2 of model 0.30

- Take square root of response variable

\[\sqrt{Y_{wage}} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{value}\]

cor(sqrt(data$Wage_in_K), Value_in_M)
## [1] 0.7000824
m <- lm(sqrt(data$Wage_in_K)~Value_in_M)
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = sqrt(data$Wage_in_K) ~ Value_in_M)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -7.2844 -1.7142  0.0043  1.8329  6.8443 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 4.769579   0.224050   21.29   <2e-16 ***
## Value_in_M  0.154504   0.007069   21.86   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 2.601 on 497 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.4901, Adjusted R-squared:  0.4891 
## F-statistic: 477.7 on 1 and 497 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Correlation is 0.70, R2 is 0.49

- Squaring explanatory variable

\[Y_{wage} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{value}^2\]

cor(Wage_in_K, Value_in_M**2)
## [1] 0.7248201
m <- lm(Wage_in_K~Value_in_M**2)
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M^2)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -181.579  -32.366   -4.686   27.449  203.132 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  -1.1410     4.3343  -0.263    0.792    
## Value_in_M    3.4904     0.1367  25.524   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 50.31 on 497 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5673, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5664 
## F-statistic: 651.5 on 1 and 497 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Correlation is 0.72 and R2 of model is 0.57

- Log of explanatory variable

\[Y_{wage} = \beta_0 + log_(\beta_1 x_{value})\]

new.data <- data[Value_in_M!=0,]
cor(new.data$Wage_in_K, log(new.data$Value_in_M))
## [1] 0.6569803
m <- lm(new.data$Wage_in_K~log(new.data$Value_in_M))
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = new.data$Wage_in_K ~ log(new.data$Value_in_M))
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -121.87  -39.25   -8.77   29.12  329.60 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                          Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)              -193.683     15.000  -12.91   <2e-16 ***
## log(new.data$Value_in_M)   91.197      4.694   19.43   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 57.66 on 497 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.4316, Adjusted R-squared:  0.4305 
## F-statistic: 377.4 on 1 and 497 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Correlation is 0.66 and R2 of model is 0.43

- Polynomial regression

\[Y_{wage} = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{value} + \beta_2 x_{value}^2\]

m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M + I(Value_in_M**2))
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M + I(Value_in_M^2))
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -186.498  -30.620   -5.171   27.378  205.874 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     6.514653   7.608037   0.856    0.392    
## Value_in_M      2.997326   0.425343   7.047 6.16e-12 ***
## I(Value_in_M^2) 0.005670   0.004632   1.224    0.222    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 50.29 on 496 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5686, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5668 
## F-statistic: 326.8 on 2 and 496 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
  • Model is significant but R2 is same and the coefficient of newly added quadratic term is insignificant, by t-test.

  • By doing transformations, we saw that the correlation between Wage and Value of the player reduces which in turn drops linear model’s performance. Even with the transformations we don’t have sufficient evidence of linear relationship between wage and value of the player, their may be other factors that cause variation in wage.

- Corelation Matrix

numeric_cols <- data %>% select_if(is.numeric)

cor_matrix <- cor(numeric_cols)
cor_matrix_melted <- melt(cor_matrix)
ggplot(cor_matrix_melted, aes(Var1, Var2, fill = value, label = round(value, 2))) +
  geom_tile(color = "white") +
  geom_text(size = 3, color = "black") +  # Add text labels for correlation coefficients
  scale_fill_gradient2(low = "blue", high = "red", mid = "white", 
                       midpoint = 0, limit = c(-1, 1), 
                       space = "Lab", name = "Correlation") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(title = "Correlation Heatmap Matrix", x = "Variables", y = "Variables")

  • From the above plot we can see that Overall score and Value variables have strong association with the wage of the player.
  • Reactions,Potential variables are moderately associated.
  • While the Balance, Strength and Age are weakly associated.

3.2 Multiple Linear Regression

mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age+Height_in_Inches+Weight_in_lbs+Reactions, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2028.349
mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age+Height_in_Inches+Reactions, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2029.285
mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age+Reactions, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2038.889
mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2039.263
mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength+Age, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2041.633
mlr.m2 <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M+Overall+Balance+Strength, data = data)
mean(residuals(mlr.m2)^2)
## [1] 2055.113
summary(mlr.m2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Value_in_M + Overall + Balance + Strength, 
##     data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -151.935  -28.970   -2.351   29.053  182.708 
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) -1254.9040   118.9695 -10.548  < 2e-16 ***
## Value_in_M      1.3493     0.2416   5.585 3.87e-08 ***
## Overall        14.7718     1.4419  10.245  < 2e-16 ***
## Balance         0.7077     0.1629   4.344 1.70e-05 ***
## Strength        0.5477     0.2078   2.636  0.00866 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 45.56 on 494 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6472, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6444 
## F-statistic: 226.6 on 4 and 494 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

MLR Model Summary

MLR Model Global test Adjusted R2 Insignificant variable(s) \(\alpha\)=0.05
1. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{potential}+\beta_3 x_{value}+\beta_4 x_{reaction}+\beta_5 x_{balance}+\beta_6 x_{strength}+\beta_7 x_{age}+\beta_8 x_{weight}+\beta_9 x_{height}\] Significant \(0.6465\) potential, reactions, strength, weight, height
2. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{potential}+\beta_3 x_{value}+\beta_4 x_{reaction}+\beta_5 x_{balance}+\beta_6 x_{strength}+\beta_7 x_{age}+\beta_8 x_{height}\] Significant \(0.6528\) potential, strength, height, reactions
3. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{potential}+\beta_3 x_{value}+\beta_4 x_{reaction}+\beta_5 x_{balance}+\beta_6 x_{strength}+\beta_7 x_{age}\] Significant \(0.6461\) reactions, potential
4. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{potential}+\beta_3 x_{value}+\beta_4 x_{balance}+\beta_5 x_{strength}+\beta_6 x_{age}\] Significant \(0.6467\) potential
5. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{age}\] Significant \(0.647\) age
6. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}\] Significant \(0.6457\)
  • All models have almost same R2 value with marginal differences.
  • All the models explain around 64.5% variability in player’s wage.
  • The model \(Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}\) is the best MLR model as it explains the same amount of variation with less variables.
  • Hence important variables in determining wage are, player’s value, potential, balance and strength.
  • MLR model has better R2 of 64.5% than that of SLR model of 56%. Hence it explains greater variability in Y.
plot(Wage_in_K, residuals(mlr.m2))

- Adding group variable Club

length(unique(Club))
## [1] 91
length(unique(Nationality))
## [1] 59

In the dataset their are 92 different Clubs from 59 different Nationality.

- Distribution of Wage across Clubs

Select top 20 Clubs with highest mean wage

# get top 20 clubs by highest mean wage
data %>% group_by(Club) %>% summarise(Mean_Wage = mean(Wage_in_K)) %>% arrange(desc(Mean_Wage)) %>% select(Club) %>% head(20) -> top.clubs

data %>% filter(Club %in% top.clubs$Club) -> top.clubs.data
options(repr.plot.width = 100, repr.plot.height = 6)
ggplot(data=top.clubs.data, aes(x=Club, y=Wage_in_K)) +
  geom_boxplot()+
  labs(x = "Clubs", y = "Wage (in K)", title = 'Distribution of Wage across Clubs')

Club with the mean highest wage is Real Madrid followed by FC Barcelona and Manchester City.

- Does a player’s wage differ across soccer clubs ?

ANOVA Test

\[ \text{wage} = f(\text{club}) \]

m <- aov(Wage_in_K ~ Club, data=data)

summary(m)
##              Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Club         90 1962560   21806   9.419 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   408  944569    2315                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

As p-value of Club in anova model << 0.05. we have significant evidence that wage of the player varies by Clubs they play for. Therefore wages change depending on the different Clubs.

# pairwise t-test using bonferroni method
pairwise.t.test(Wage_in_K, Club, data=data,p.adj='bonferroni')
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using t tests with pooled SD 
## 
## data:  Wage_in_K and Club 
## 
##                                1. FC Koln Ajax Al Hilal Al Nassr Arsenal
## Ajax                           -          -    -        -        -      
## Al Hilal                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Al Nassr                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Arsenal                        -          -    -        -        -      
## AS Monaco                      -          -    -        -        -      
## AS Saint Etienne               -          -    -        -        -      
## Atalanta                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -          -    -        -        -      
## Atlanta United                 -          -    -        -        -      
## Atletico Madrid                -          -    -        -        -      
## Atletico Mineiro               -          -    -        -        -      
## Basaksehir FK                  -          -    -        -        -      
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -          -    -        -        -      
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -          -    -        -        -      
## Besiktas JK                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Borussia Dortmund              -          -    -        -        -      
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -          -    -        -        -      
## Burnley                        -          -    -        -        -      
## Chelsea                        -          -    -        -        -      
## Cruzeiro                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Crystal Palace                 -          -    -        -        -      
## Dalian YiFang FC               -          -    -        -        -      
## Deportivo Alaves               -          -    -        -        -      
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -          -    -        -        -      
## Everton                        -          -    -        -        -      
## FC Barcelona                   -          -    -        -        -      
## FC Bayern Munchen              -          -    -        -        -      
## FC Porto                       -          -    -        -        -      
## FC Schalke 04                  -          -    -        -        -      
## Fenerbahce SK                  -          -    -        -        -      
## Fluminense                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Fulham                         -          -    -        -        -      
## Galatasaray SK                 -          -    -        -        -      
## Girona FC                      -          -    -        -        -      
## Gremio                         -          -    -        -        -      
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -          -    -        -        -      
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -          -    -        -        -      
## Hertha BSC                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Inter                          -          -    -        -        -      
## Juventus                       -          -    -        -        -      
## LA Galaxy                      -          -    -        -        -      
## Lazio                          -          -    -        -        -      
## Leicester City                 -          -    -        -        -      
## Levante UD                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Liverpool                      -          -    -        -        -      
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -          -    -        -        -      
## Los Angeles FC                 -          -    -        -        -      
## Manchester City                -          -    -        -        -      
## Manchester United              -          -    -        -        -      
## Milan                          -          -    -        -        -      
## Montpellier HSC                -          -    -        -        -      
## Napoli                         -          -    -        -        -      
## New York City FC               -          -    -        -        -      
## OGC Nice                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Olympique de Marseille         -          -    -        -        -      
## Olympique Lyonnais             -          -    -        -        -      
## Paris Saint-Germain            -          -    -        -        -      
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -          -    -        -        -      
## PSV                            -          -    -        -        -      
## RB Leipzig                     -          -    -        -        -      
## RC Celta                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Real Betis                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Real Madrid                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Real Sociedad                  -          -    -        -        -      
## River Plate                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Roma                           -          -    -        -        -      
## Sampdoria                      -          -    -        -        -      
## Sassuolo                       -          -    -        -        -      
## SC Braga                       -          -    -        -        -      
## SD Eibar                       -          -    -        -        -      
## Sevilla FC                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -          -    -        -        -      
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -          -    -        -        -      
## SL Benfica                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Southampton                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Sporting CP                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Stoke City                     -          -    -        -        -      
## SV Werder Bremen               -          -    -        -        -      
## Torino                         -          -    -        -        -      
## Toronto FC                     -          -    -        -        -      
## Tottenham Hotspur              -          -    -        -        -      
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -          -    -        -        -      
## Valencia CF                    -          -    -        -        -      
## VfB Stuttgart                  -          -    -        -        -      
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -          -    -        -        -      
## Villarreal CF                  -          -    -        -        -      
## Vissel Kobe                    -          -    -        -        -      
## Watford                        -          -    -        -        -      
## West Ham United                -          -    -        -        -      
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -          -    -        -        -      
##                                AS Monaco AS Saint Etienne Atalanta
## Ajax                           -         -                -       
## Al Hilal                       -         -                -       
## Al Nassr                       -         -                -       
## Arsenal                        -         -                -       
## AS Monaco                      -         -                -       
## AS Saint Etienne               -         -                -       
## Atalanta                       -         -                -       
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -         -                -       
## Atlanta United                 -         -                -       
## Atletico Madrid                -         -                -       
## Atletico Mineiro               -         -                -       
## Basaksehir FK                  -         -                -       
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -         -                -       
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -         -                -       
## Besiktas JK                    -         -                -       
## Borussia Dortmund              -         -                -       
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -         -                -       
## Burnley                        -         -                -       
## Chelsea                        -         -                -       
## Cruzeiro                       -         -                -       
## Crystal Palace                 -         -                -       
## Dalian YiFang FC               -         -                -       
## Deportivo Alaves               -         -                -       
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -         -                -       
## Everton                        -         -                -       
## FC Barcelona                   -         -                -       
## FC Bayern Munchen              -         -                -       
## FC Porto                       -         -                -       
## FC Schalke 04                  -         -                -       
## Fenerbahce SK                  -         -                -       
## Fluminense                     -         -                -       
## Fulham                         -         -                -       
## Galatasaray SK                 -         -                -       
## Girona FC                      -         -                -       
## Gremio                         -         -                -       
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -         -                -       
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -         -                -       
## Hertha BSC                     -         -                -       
## Inter                          -         -                -       
## Juventus                       -         -                -       
## LA Galaxy                      -         -                -       
## Lazio                          -         -                -       
## Leicester City                 -         -                -       
## Levante UD                     -         -                -       
## Liverpool                      -         -                -       
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -         -                -       
## Los Angeles FC                 -         -                -       
## Manchester City                -         -                -       
## Manchester United              -         -                -       
## Milan                          -         -                -       
## Montpellier HSC                -         -                -       
## Napoli                         -         -                -       
## New York City FC               -         -                -       
## OGC Nice                       -         -                -       
## Olympique de Marseille         -         -                -       
## Olympique Lyonnais             -         -                -       
## Paris Saint-Germain            -         -                -       
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -         -                -       
## PSV                            -         -                -       
## RB Leipzig                     -         -                -       
## RC Celta                       -         -                -       
## Real Betis                     -         -                -       
## Real Madrid                    -         -                -       
## Real Sociedad                  -         -                -       
## River Plate                    -         -                -       
## Roma                           -         -                -       
## Sampdoria                      -         -                -       
## Sassuolo                       -         -                -       
## SC Braga                       -         -                -       
## SD Eibar                       -         -                -       
## Sevilla FC                     -         -                -       
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -         -                -       
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -         -                -       
## SL Benfica                     -         -                -       
## Southampton                    -         -                -       
## Sporting CP                    -         -                -       
## Stoke City                     -         -                -       
## SV Werder Bremen               -         -                -       
## Torino                         -         -                -       
## Toronto FC                     -         -                -       
## Tottenham Hotspur              -         -                -       
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -         -                -       
## Valencia CF                    -         -                -       
## VfB Stuttgart                  -         -                -       
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -         -                -       
## Villarreal CF                  -         -                -       
## Vissel Kobe                    -         -                -       
## Watford                        -         -                -       
## West Ham United                -         -                -       
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -         -                -       
##                                Athletic Club de Bilbao Atlanta United
## Ajax                           -                       -             
## Al Hilal                       -                       -             
## Al Nassr                       -                       -             
## Arsenal                        -                       -             
## AS Monaco                      -                       -             
## AS Saint Etienne               -                       -             
## Atalanta                       -                       -             
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                       -             
## Atlanta United                 -                       -             
## Atletico Madrid                -                       -             
## Atletico Mineiro               -                       -             
## Basaksehir FK                  -                       -             
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                       -             
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                       -             
## Besiktas JK                    -                       -             
## Borussia Dortmund              -                       -             
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                       -             
## Burnley                        -                       -             
## Chelsea                        -                       -             
## Cruzeiro                       -                       -             
## Crystal Palace                 -                       -             
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                       -             
## Deportivo Alaves               -                       -             
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                       -             
## Everton                        -                       -             
## FC Barcelona                   -                       -             
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                       -             
## FC Porto                       -                       -             
## FC Schalke 04                  -                       -             
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                       -             
## Fluminense                     -                       -             
## Fulham                         -                       -             
## Galatasaray SK                 -                       -             
## Girona FC                      -                       -             
## Gremio                         -                       -             
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                       -             
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                       -             
## Hertha BSC                     -                       -             
## Inter                          -                       -             
## Juventus                       -                       -             
## LA Galaxy                      -                       -             
## Lazio                          -                       -             
## Leicester City                 -                       -             
## Levante UD                     -                       -             
## Liverpool                      -                       -             
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                       -             
## Los Angeles FC                 -                       -             
## Manchester City                -                       -             
## Manchester United              -                       -             
## Milan                          -                       -             
## Montpellier HSC                -                       -             
## Napoli                         -                       -             
## New York City FC               -                       -             
## OGC Nice                       -                       -             
## Olympique de Marseille         -                       -             
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                       -             
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                       -             
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                       -             
## PSV                            -                       -             
## RB Leipzig                     -                       -             
## RC Celta                       -                       -             
## Real Betis                     -                       -             
## Real Madrid                    -                       -             
## Real Sociedad                  -                       -             
## River Plate                    -                       -             
## Roma                           -                       -             
## Sampdoria                      -                       -             
## Sassuolo                       -                       -             
## SC Braga                       -                       -             
## SD Eibar                       -                       -             
## Sevilla FC                     -                       -             
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                       -             
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                       -             
## SL Benfica                     -                       -             
## Southampton                    -                       -             
## Sporting CP                    -                       -             
## Stoke City                     -                       -             
## SV Werder Bremen               -                       -             
## Torino                         -                       -             
## Toronto FC                     -                       -             
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                       -             
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                       -             
## Valencia CF                    -                       -             
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                       -             
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                       -             
## Villarreal CF                  -                       -             
## Vissel Kobe                    -                       -             
## Watford                        -                       -             
## West Ham United                -                       -             
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                       -             
##                                Atletico Madrid Atletico Mineiro Basaksehir FK
## Ajax                           -               -                -            
## Al Hilal                       -               -                -            
## Al Nassr                       -               -                -            
## Arsenal                        -               -                -            
## AS Monaco                      -               -                -            
## AS Saint Etienne               -               -                -            
## Atalanta                       -               -                -            
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -               -                -            
## Atlanta United                 -               -                -            
## Atletico Madrid                -               -                -            
## Atletico Mineiro               -               -                -            
## Basaksehir FK                  -               -                -            
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -               -                -            
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -               -                -            
## Besiktas JK                    -               -                -            
## Borussia Dortmund              -               -                -            
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -               -                -            
## Burnley                        -               -                -            
## Chelsea                        -               -                -            
## Cruzeiro                       -               -                -            
## Crystal Palace                 -               -                -            
## Dalian YiFang FC               -               -                -            
## Deportivo Alaves               -               -                -            
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -               -                -            
## Everton                        -               -                -            
## FC Barcelona                   -               -                -            
## FC Bayern Munchen              -               -                -            
## FC Porto                       -               -                -            
## FC Schalke 04                  -               -                -            
## Fenerbahce SK                  -               -                -            
## Fluminense                     -               -                -            
## Fulham                         -               -                -            
## Galatasaray SK                 -               -                -            
## Girona FC                      -               -                -            
## Gremio                         -               -                -            
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -               -                -            
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -               -                -            
## Hertha BSC                     -               -                -            
## Inter                          -               -                -            
## Juventus                       -               -                -            
## LA Galaxy                      -               -                -            
## Lazio                          -               -                -            
## Leicester City                 -               -                -            
## Levante UD                     -               -                -            
## Liverpool                      -               -                -            
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -               -                -            
## Los Angeles FC                 -               -                -            
## Manchester City                -               -                -            
## Manchester United              -               -                -            
## Milan                          -               -                -            
## Montpellier HSC                -               -                -            
## Napoli                         -               -                -            
## New York City FC               -               -                -            
## OGC Nice                       -               -                -            
## Olympique de Marseille         -               -                -            
## Olympique Lyonnais             -               -                -            
## Paris Saint-Germain            -               -                -            
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -               -                -            
## PSV                            -               -                -            
## RB Leipzig                     -               -                -            
## RC Celta                       -               -                -            
## Real Betis                     -               -                -            
## Real Madrid                    -               -                -            
## Real Sociedad                  -               -                -            
## River Plate                    -               -                -            
## Roma                           -               -                -            
## Sampdoria                      -               -                -            
## Sassuolo                       -               -                -            
## SC Braga                       -               -                -            
## SD Eibar                       -               -                -            
## Sevilla FC                     -               -                -            
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -               -                -            
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -               -                -            
## SL Benfica                     -               -                -            
## Southampton                    -               -                -            
## Sporting CP                    -               -                -            
## Stoke City                     -               -                -            
## SV Werder Bremen               -               -                -            
## Torino                         -               -                -            
## Toronto FC                     -               -                -            
## Tottenham Hotspur              -               -                -            
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -               -                -            
## Valencia CF                    -               -                -            
## VfB Stuttgart                  -               -                -            
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -               -                -            
## Villarreal CF                  -               -                -            
## Vissel Kobe                    -               -                -            
## Watford                        -               -                -            
## West Ham United                -               -                -            
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -               -                -            
##                                Bayer 04 Leverkusen Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC
## Ajax                           -                   -                      
## Al Hilal                       -                   -                      
## Al Nassr                       -                   -                      
## Arsenal                        -                   -                      
## AS Monaco                      -                   -                      
## AS Saint Etienne               -                   -                      
## Atalanta                       -                   -                      
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                   -                      
## Atlanta United                 -                   -                      
## Atletico Madrid                -                   -                      
## Atletico Mineiro               -                   -                      
## Basaksehir FK                  -                   -                      
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                   -                      
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                   -                      
## Besiktas JK                    -                   -                      
## Borussia Dortmund              -                   -                      
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                   -                      
## Burnley                        -                   -                      
## Chelsea                        -                   -                      
## Cruzeiro                       -                   -                      
## Crystal Palace                 -                   -                      
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                   -                      
## Deportivo Alaves               -                   -                      
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                   -                      
## Everton                        -                   -                      
## FC Barcelona                   -                   -                      
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                   -                      
## FC Porto                       -                   -                      
## FC Schalke 04                  -                   -                      
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                   -                      
## Fluminense                     -                   -                      
## Fulham                         -                   -                      
## Galatasaray SK                 -                   -                      
## Girona FC                      -                   -                      
## Gremio                         -                   -                      
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                   -                      
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                   -                      
## Hertha BSC                     -                   -                      
## Inter                          -                   -                      
## Juventus                       -                   -                      
## LA Galaxy                      -                   -                      
## Lazio                          -                   -                      
## Leicester City                 -                   -                      
## Levante UD                     -                   -                      
## Liverpool                      -                   -                      
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                   -                      
## Los Angeles FC                 -                   -                      
## Manchester City                -                   -                      
## Manchester United              -                   -                      
## Milan                          -                   -                      
## Montpellier HSC                -                   -                      
## Napoli                         -                   -                      
## New York City FC               -                   -                      
## OGC Nice                       -                   -                      
## Olympique de Marseille         -                   -                      
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                   -                      
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                   -                      
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                   -                      
## PSV                            -                   -                      
## RB Leipzig                     -                   -                      
## RC Celta                       -                   -                      
## Real Betis                     -                   -                      
## Real Madrid                    -                   -                      
## Real Sociedad                  -                   -                      
## River Plate                    -                   -                      
## Roma                           -                   -                      
## Sampdoria                      -                   -                      
## Sassuolo                       -                   -                      
## SC Braga                       -                   -                      
## SD Eibar                       -                   -                      
## Sevilla FC                     -                   -                      
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                   -                      
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                   -                      
## SL Benfica                     -                   -                      
## Southampton                    -                   -                      
## Sporting CP                    -                   -                      
## Stoke City                     -                   -                      
## SV Werder Bremen               -                   -                      
## Torino                         -                   -                      
## Toronto FC                     -                   -                      
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                   -                      
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                   -                      
## Valencia CF                    -                   -                      
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                   -                      
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                   -                      
## Villarreal CF                  -                   -                      
## Vissel Kobe                    -                   -                      
## Watford                        -                   -                      
## West Ham United                -                   -                      
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                   -                      
##                                Besiktas JK Borussia Dortmund
## Ajax                           -           -                
## Al Hilal                       -           -                
## Al Nassr                       -           -                
## Arsenal                        -           -                
## AS Monaco                      -           -                
## AS Saint Etienne               -           -                
## Atalanta                       -           -                
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -           -                
## Atlanta United                 -           -                
## Atletico Madrid                -           -                
## Atletico Mineiro               -           -                
## Basaksehir FK                  -           -                
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -           -                
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -           -                
## Besiktas JK                    -           -                
## Borussia Dortmund              -           -                
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -           -                
## Burnley                        -           -                
## Chelsea                        -           -                
## Cruzeiro                       -           -                
## Crystal Palace                 -           -                
## Dalian YiFang FC               -           -                
## Deportivo Alaves               -           -                
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -           -                
## Everton                        -           -                
## FC Barcelona                   -           -                
## FC Bayern Munchen              -           -                
## FC Porto                       -           -                
## FC Schalke 04                  -           -                
## Fenerbahce SK                  -           -                
## Fluminense                     -           -                
## Fulham                         -           -                
## Galatasaray SK                 -           -                
## Girona FC                      -           -                
## Gremio                         -           -                
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -           -                
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -           -                
## Hertha BSC                     -           -                
## Inter                          -           -                
## Juventus                       -           -                
## LA Galaxy                      -           -                
## Lazio                          -           -                
## Leicester City                 -           -                
## Levante UD                     -           -                
## Liverpool                      -           -                
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -           -                
## Los Angeles FC                 -           -                
## Manchester City                -           -                
## Manchester United              -           -                
## Milan                          -           -                
## Montpellier HSC                -           -                
## Napoli                         -           -                
## New York City FC               -           -                
## OGC Nice                       -           -                
## Olympique de Marseille         -           -                
## Olympique Lyonnais             -           -                
## Paris Saint-Germain            -           -                
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -           -                
## PSV                            -           -                
## RB Leipzig                     -           -                
## RC Celta                       -           -                
## Real Betis                     -           -                
## Real Madrid                    -           -                
## Real Sociedad                  -           -                
## River Plate                    -           -                
## Roma                           -           -                
## Sampdoria                      -           -                
## Sassuolo                       -           -                
## SC Braga                       -           -                
## SD Eibar                       -           -                
## Sevilla FC                     -           -                
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -           -                
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -           -                
## SL Benfica                     -           -                
## Southampton                    -           -                
## Sporting CP                    -           -                
## Stoke City                     -           -                
## SV Werder Bremen               -           -                
## Torino                         -           -                
## Toronto FC                     -           -                
## Tottenham Hotspur              -           -                
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -           -                
## Valencia CF                    -           -                
## VfB Stuttgart                  -           -                
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -           -                
## Villarreal CF                  -           -                
## Vissel Kobe                    -           -                
## Watford                        -           -                
## West Ham United                -           -                
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -           -                
##                                Borussia Monchengladbach Burnley Chelsea
## Ajax                           -                        -       -      
## Al Hilal                       -                        -       -      
## Al Nassr                       -                        -       -      
## Arsenal                        -                        -       -      
## AS Monaco                      -                        -       -      
## AS Saint Etienne               -                        -       -      
## Atalanta                       -                        -       -      
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                        -       -      
## Atlanta United                 -                        -       -      
## Atletico Madrid                -                        -       -      
## Atletico Mineiro               -                        -       -      
## Basaksehir FK                  -                        -       -      
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                        -       -      
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                        -       -      
## Besiktas JK                    -                        -       -      
## Borussia Dortmund              -                        -       -      
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                        -       -      
## Burnley                        -                        -       -      
## Chelsea                        -                        -       -      
## Cruzeiro                       -                        -       -      
## Crystal Palace                 -                        -       -      
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                        -       -      
## Deportivo Alaves               -                        -       -      
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                        -       -      
## Everton                        -                        -       -      
## FC Barcelona                   -                        -       -      
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                        -       -      
## FC Porto                       -                        -       -      
## FC Schalke 04                  -                        -       -      
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                        -       -      
## Fluminense                     -                        -       -      
## Fulham                         -                        -       -      
## Galatasaray SK                 -                        -       -      
## Girona FC                      -                        -       -      
## Gremio                         -                        -       -      
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                        -       -      
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                        -       -      
## Hertha BSC                     -                        -       -      
## Inter                          -                        -       -      
## Juventus                       -                        -       -      
## LA Galaxy                      -                        -       -      
## Lazio                          -                        -       -      
## Leicester City                 -                        -       -      
## Levante UD                     -                        -       -      
## Liverpool                      -                        -       -      
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                        -       -      
## Los Angeles FC                 -                        -       -      
## Manchester City                -                        -       -      
## Manchester United              -                        -       -      
## Milan                          -                        -       -      
## Montpellier HSC                -                        -       -      
## Napoli                         -                        -       -      
## New York City FC               -                        -       -      
## OGC Nice                       -                        -       -      
## Olympique de Marseille         -                        -       -      
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                        -       -      
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                        -       -      
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                        -       -      
## PSV                            -                        -       -      
## RB Leipzig                     -                        -       -      
## RC Celta                       -                        -       -      
## Real Betis                     -                        -       -      
## Real Madrid                    -                        -       -      
## Real Sociedad                  -                        -       -      
## River Plate                    -                        -       -      
## Roma                           -                        -       -      
## Sampdoria                      -                        -       -      
## Sassuolo                       -                        -       -      
## SC Braga                       -                        -       -      
## SD Eibar                       -                        -       -      
## Sevilla FC                     -                        -       -      
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                        -       -      
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                        -       -      
## SL Benfica                     -                        -       -      
## Southampton                    -                        -       -      
## Sporting CP                    -                        -       -      
## Stoke City                     -                        -       -      
## SV Werder Bremen               -                        -       -      
## Torino                         -                        -       -      
## Toronto FC                     -                        -       -      
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                        -       -      
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                        -       -      
## Valencia CF                    -                        -       -      
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                        -       -      
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                        -       -      
## Villarreal CF                  -                        -       -      
## Vissel Kobe                    -                        -       -      
## Watford                        -                        -       -      
## West Ham United                -                        -       -      
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                        -       -      
##                                Cruzeiro Crystal Palace Dalian YiFang FC
## Ajax                           -        -              -               
## Al Hilal                       -        -              -               
## Al Nassr                       -        -              -               
## Arsenal                        -        -              -               
## AS Monaco                      -        -              -               
## AS Saint Etienne               -        -              -               
## Atalanta                       -        -              -               
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -        -              -               
## Atlanta United                 -        -              -               
## Atletico Madrid                -        -              -               
## Atletico Mineiro               -        -              -               
## Basaksehir FK                  -        -              -               
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -        -              -               
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -        -              -               
## Besiktas JK                    -        -              -               
## Borussia Dortmund              -        -              -               
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -        -              -               
## Burnley                        -        -              -               
## Chelsea                        -        -              -               
## Cruzeiro                       -        -              -               
## Crystal Palace                 -        -              -               
## Dalian YiFang FC               -        -              -               
## Deportivo Alaves               -        -              -               
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -        -              -               
## Everton                        -        -              -               
## FC Barcelona                   -        -              -               
## FC Bayern Munchen              -        -              -               
## FC Porto                       -        -              -               
## FC Schalke 04                  -        -              -               
## Fenerbahce SK                  -        -              -               
## Fluminense                     -        -              -               
## Fulham                         -        -              -               
## Galatasaray SK                 -        -              -               
## Girona FC                      -        -              -               
## Gremio                         -        -              -               
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -        -              -               
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -        -              -               
## Hertha BSC                     -        -              -               
## Inter                          -        -              -               
## Juventus                       -        -              -               
## LA Galaxy                      -        -              -               
## Lazio                          -        -              -               
## Leicester City                 -        -              -               
## Levante UD                     -        -              -               
## Liverpool                      -        -              -               
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -        -              -               
## Los Angeles FC                 -        -              -               
## Manchester City                -        -              -               
## Manchester United              -        -              -               
## Milan                          -        -              -               
## Montpellier HSC                -        -              -               
## Napoli                         -        -              -               
## New York City FC               -        -              -               
## OGC Nice                       -        -              -               
## Olympique de Marseille         -        -              -               
## Olympique Lyonnais             -        -              -               
## Paris Saint-Germain            -        -              -               
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -        -              -               
## PSV                            -        -              -               
## RB Leipzig                     -        -              -               
## RC Celta                       -        -              -               
## Real Betis                     -        -              -               
## Real Madrid                    -        -              -               
## Real Sociedad                  -        -              -               
## River Plate                    -        -              -               
## Roma                           -        -              -               
## Sampdoria                      -        -              -               
## Sassuolo                       -        -              -               
## SC Braga                       -        -              -               
## SD Eibar                       -        -              -               
## Sevilla FC                     -        -              -               
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -        -              -               
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -        -              -               
## SL Benfica                     -        -              -               
## Southampton                    -        -              -               
## Sporting CP                    -        -              -               
## Stoke City                     -        -              -               
## SV Werder Bremen               -        -              -               
## Torino                         -        -              -               
## Toronto FC                     -        -              -               
## Tottenham Hotspur              -        -              -               
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -        -              -               
## Valencia CF                    -        -              -               
## VfB Stuttgart                  -        -              -               
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -        -              -               
## Villarreal CF                  -        -              -               
## Vissel Kobe                    -        -              -               
## Watford                        -        -              -               
## West Ham United                -        -              -               
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -        -              -               
##                                Deportivo Alaves Eintracht Frankfurt Everton
## Ajax                           -                -                   -      
## Al Hilal                       -                -                   -      
## Al Nassr                       -                -                   -      
## Arsenal                        -                -                   -      
## AS Monaco                      -                -                   -      
## AS Saint Etienne               -                -                   -      
## Atalanta                       -                -                   -      
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                -                   -      
## Atlanta United                 -                -                   -      
## Atletico Madrid                -                -                   -      
## Atletico Mineiro               -                -                   -      
## Basaksehir FK                  -                -                   -      
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                -                   -      
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                -                   -      
## Besiktas JK                    -                -                   -      
## Borussia Dortmund              -                -                   -      
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                -                   -      
## Burnley                        -                -                   -      
## Chelsea                        -                -                   -      
## Cruzeiro                       -                -                   -      
## Crystal Palace                 -                -                   -      
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                -                   -      
## Deportivo Alaves               -                -                   -      
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                -                   -      
## Everton                        -                -                   -      
## FC Barcelona                   -                -                   -      
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                -                   -      
## FC Porto                       -                -                   -      
## FC Schalke 04                  -                -                   -      
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                -                   -      
## Fluminense                     -                -                   -      
## Fulham                         -                -                   -      
## Galatasaray SK                 -                -                   -      
## Girona FC                      -                -                   -      
## Gremio                         -                -                   -      
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                -                   -      
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                -                   -      
## Hertha BSC                     -                -                   -      
## Inter                          -                -                   -      
## Juventus                       -                -                   -      
## LA Galaxy                      -                -                   -      
## Lazio                          -                -                   -      
## Leicester City                 -                -                   -      
## Levante UD                     -                -                   -      
## Liverpool                      -                -                   -      
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                -                   -      
## Los Angeles FC                 -                -                   -      
## Manchester City                -                -                   -      
## Manchester United              -                -                   -      
## Milan                          -                -                   -      
## Montpellier HSC                -                -                   -      
## Napoli                         -                -                   -      
## New York City FC               -                -                   -      
## OGC Nice                       -                -                   -      
## Olympique de Marseille         -                -                   -      
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                -                   -      
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                -                   -      
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                -                   -      
## PSV                            -                -                   -      
## RB Leipzig                     -                -                   -      
## RC Celta                       -                -                   -      
## Real Betis                     -                -                   -      
## Real Madrid                    -                -                   -      
## Real Sociedad                  -                -                   -      
## River Plate                    -                -                   -      
## Roma                           -                -                   -      
## Sampdoria                      -                -                   -      
## Sassuolo                       -                -                   -      
## SC Braga                       -                -                   -      
## SD Eibar                       -                -                   -      
## Sevilla FC                     -                -                   -      
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                -                   -      
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                -                   -      
## SL Benfica                     -                -                   -      
## Southampton                    -                -                   -      
## Sporting CP                    -                -                   -      
## Stoke City                     -                -                   -      
## SV Werder Bremen               -                -                   -      
## Torino                         -                -                   -      
## Toronto FC                     -                -                   -      
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                -                   -      
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                -                   -      
## Valencia CF                    -                -                   -      
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                -                   -      
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                -                   -      
## Villarreal CF                  -                -                   -      
## Vissel Kobe                    -                -                   -      
## Watford                        -                -                   -      
## West Ham United                -                -                   -      
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                -                   -      
##                                FC Barcelona FC Bayern Munchen FC Porto
## Ajax                           -            -                 -       
## Al Hilal                       -            -                 -       
## Al Nassr                       -            -                 -       
## Arsenal                        -            -                 -       
## AS Monaco                      -            -                 -       
## AS Saint Etienne               -            -                 -       
## Atalanta                       -            -                 -       
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -            -                 -       
## Atlanta United                 -            -                 -       
## Atletico Madrid                -            -                 -       
## Atletico Mineiro               -            -                 -       
## Basaksehir FK                  -            -                 -       
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -            -                 -       
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -            -                 -       
## Besiktas JK                    -            -                 -       
## Borussia Dortmund              -            -                 -       
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -            -                 -       
## Burnley                        -            -                 -       
## Chelsea                        -            -                 -       
## Cruzeiro                       -            -                 -       
## Crystal Palace                 -            -                 -       
## Dalian YiFang FC               -            -                 -       
## Deportivo Alaves               -            -                 -       
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -            -                 -       
## Everton                        -            -                 -       
## FC Barcelona                   -            -                 -       
## FC Bayern Munchen              -            -                 -       
## FC Porto                       -            -                 -       
## FC Schalke 04                  -            -                 -       
## Fenerbahce SK                  -            -                 -       
## Fluminense                     -            -                 -       
## Fulham                         -            -                 -       
## Galatasaray SK                 -            -                 -       
## Girona FC                      -            -                 -       
## Gremio                         -            -                 -       
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -            -                 -       
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -            -                 -       
## Hertha BSC                     -            -                 -       
## Inter                          -            -                 -       
## Juventus                       -            -                 -       
## LA Galaxy                      -            -                 -       
## Lazio                          -            -                 -       
## Leicester City                 -            -                 -       
## Levante UD                     -            -                 -       
## Liverpool                      -            -                 -       
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -            -                 -       
## Los Angeles FC                 -            -                 -       
## Manchester City                -            -                 -       
## Manchester United              -            -                 -       
## Milan                          -            -                 -       
## Montpellier HSC                -            -                 -       
## Napoli                         -            -                 -       
## New York City FC               -            -                 -       
## OGC Nice                       -            -                 -       
## Olympique de Marseille         -            -                 -       
## Olympique Lyonnais             -            -                 -       
## Paris Saint-Germain            -            -                 -       
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -            -                 -       
## PSV                            -            -                 -       
## RB Leipzig                     -            -                 -       
## RC Celta                       -            -                 -       
## Real Betis                     -            -                 -       
## Real Madrid                    -            -                 -       
## Real Sociedad                  -            -                 -       
## River Plate                    -            -                 -       
## Roma                           -            -                 -       
## Sampdoria                      -            -                 -       
## Sassuolo                       -            -                 -       
## SC Braga                       -            -                 -       
## SD Eibar                       -            -                 -       
## Sevilla FC                     -            -                 -       
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -            -                 -       
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -            -                 -       
## SL Benfica                     -            -                 -       
## Southampton                    -            -                 -       
## Sporting CP                    -            -                 -       
## Stoke City                     -            -                 -       
## SV Werder Bremen               -            -                 -       
## Torino                         -            -                 -       
## Toronto FC                     -            -                 -       
## Tottenham Hotspur              -            -                 -       
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -            -                 -       
## Valencia CF                    -            -                 -       
## VfB Stuttgart                  -            -                 -       
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -            -                 -       
## Villarreal CF                  -            -                 -       
## Vissel Kobe                    -            -                 -       
## Watford                        -            -                 -       
## West Ham United                -            -                 -       
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -            -                 -       
##                                FC Schalke 04 Fenerbahce SK Fluminense Fulham
## Ajax                           -             -             -          -     
## Al Hilal                       -             -             -          -     
## Al Nassr                       -             -             -          -     
## Arsenal                        -             -             -          -     
## AS Monaco                      -             -             -          -     
## AS Saint Etienne               -             -             -          -     
## Atalanta                       -             -             -          -     
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -             -             -          -     
## Atlanta United                 -             -             -          -     
## Atletico Madrid                -             -             -          -     
## Atletico Mineiro               -             -             -          -     
## Basaksehir FK                  -             -             -          -     
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -             -             -          -     
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -             -             -          -     
## Besiktas JK                    -             -             -          -     
## Borussia Dortmund              -             -             -          -     
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -             -             -          -     
## Burnley                        -             -             -          -     
## Chelsea                        -             -             -          -     
## Cruzeiro                       -             -             -          -     
## Crystal Palace                 -             -             -          -     
## Dalian YiFang FC               -             -             -          -     
## Deportivo Alaves               -             -             -          -     
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -             -             -          -     
## Everton                        -             -             -          -     
## FC Barcelona                   -             -             -          -     
## FC Bayern Munchen              -             -             -          -     
## FC Porto                       -             -             -          -     
## FC Schalke 04                  -             -             -          -     
## Fenerbahce SK                  -             -             -          -     
## Fluminense                     -             -             -          -     
## Fulham                         -             -             -          -     
## Galatasaray SK                 -             -             -          -     
## Girona FC                      -             -             -          -     
## Gremio                         -             -             -          -     
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -             -             -          -     
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -             -             -          -     
## Hertha BSC                     -             -             -          -     
## Inter                          -             -             -          -     
## Juventus                       -             -             -          -     
## LA Galaxy                      -             -             -          -     
## Lazio                          -             -             -          -     
## Leicester City                 -             -             -          -     
## Levante UD                     -             -             -          -     
## Liverpool                      -             -             -          -     
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -             -             -          -     
## Los Angeles FC                 -             -             -          -     
## Manchester City                -             -             -          -     
## Manchester United              -             -             -          -     
## Milan                          -             -             -          -     
## Montpellier HSC                -             -             -          -     
## Napoli                         -             -             -          -     
## New York City FC               -             -             -          -     
## OGC Nice                       -             -             -          -     
## Olympique de Marseille         -             -             -          -     
## Olympique Lyonnais             -             -             -          -     
## Paris Saint-Germain            -             -             -          -     
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -             -             -          -     
## PSV                            -             -             -          -     
## RB Leipzig                     -             -             -          -     
## RC Celta                       -             -             -          -     
## Real Betis                     -             -             -          -     
## Real Madrid                    -             -             -          -     
## Real Sociedad                  -             -             -          -     
## River Plate                    -             -             -          -     
## Roma                           -             -             -          -     
## Sampdoria                      -             -             -          -     
## Sassuolo                       -             -             -          -     
## SC Braga                       -             -             -          -     
## SD Eibar                       -             -             -          -     
## Sevilla FC                     -             -             -          -     
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -             -             -          -     
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -             -             -          -     
## SL Benfica                     -             -             -          -     
## Southampton                    -             -             -          -     
## Sporting CP                    -             -             -          -     
## Stoke City                     -             -             -          -     
## SV Werder Bremen               -             -             -          -     
## Torino                         -             -             -          -     
## Toronto FC                     -             -             -          -     
## Tottenham Hotspur              -             -             -          -     
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -             -             -          -     
## Valencia CF                    -             -             -          -     
## VfB Stuttgart                  -             -             -          -     
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -             -             -          -     
## Villarreal CF                  -             -             -          -     
## Vissel Kobe                    -             -             -          -     
## Watford                        -             -             -          -     
## West Ham United                -             -             -          -     
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -             -             -          -     
##                                Galatasaray SK Girona FC Gremio
## Ajax                           -              -         -     
## Al Hilal                       -              -         -     
## Al Nassr                       -              -         -     
## Arsenal                        -              -         -     
## AS Monaco                      -              -         -     
## AS Saint Etienne               -              -         -     
## Atalanta                       -              -         -     
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -              -         -     
## Atlanta United                 -              -         -     
## Atletico Madrid                -              -         -     
## Atletico Mineiro               -              -         -     
## Basaksehir FK                  -              -         -     
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -              -         -     
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -              -         -     
## Besiktas JK                    -              -         -     
## Borussia Dortmund              -              -         -     
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -              -         -     
## Burnley                        -              -         -     
## Chelsea                        -              -         -     
## Cruzeiro                       -              -         -     
## Crystal Palace                 -              -         -     
## Dalian YiFang FC               -              -         -     
## Deportivo Alaves               -              -         -     
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -              -         -     
## Everton                        -              -         -     
## FC Barcelona                   -              -         -     
## FC Bayern Munchen              -              -         -     
## FC Porto                       -              -         -     
## FC Schalke 04                  -              -         -     
## Fenerbahce SK                  -              -         -     
## Fluminense                     -              -         -     
## Fulham                         -              -         -     
## Galatasaray SK                 -              -         -     
## Girona FC                      -              -         -     
## Gremio                         -              -         -     
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -              -         -     
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -              -         -     
## Hertha BSC                     -              -         -     
## Inter                          -              -         -     
## Juventus                       -              -         -     
## LA Galaxy                      -              -         -     
## Lazio                          -              -         -     
## Leicester City                 -              -         -     
## Levante UD                     -              -         -     
## Liverpool                      -              -         -     
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -              -         -     
## Los Angeles FC                 -              -         -     
## Manchester City                -              -         -     
## Manchester United              -              -         -     
## Milan                          -              -         -     
## Montpellier HSC                -              -         -     
## Napoli                         -              -         -     
## New York City FC               -              -         -     
## OGC Nice                       -              -         -     
## Olympique de Marseille         -              -         -     
## Olympique Lyonnais             -              -         -     
## Paris Saint-Germain            -              -         -     
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -              -         -     
## PSV                            -              -         -     
## RB Leipzig                     -              -         -     
## RC Celta                       -              -         -     
## Real Betis                     -              -         -     
## Real Madrid                    -              -         -     
## Real Sociedad                  -              -         -     
## River Plate                    -              -         -     
## Roma                           -              -         -     
## Sampdoria                      -              -         -     
## Sassuolo                       -              -         -     
## SC Braga                       -              -         -     
## SD Eibar                       -              -         -     
## Sevilla FC                     -              -         -     
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -              -         -     
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -              -         -     
## SL Benfica                     -              -         -     
## Southampton                    -              -         -     
## Sporting CP                    -              -         -     
## Stoke City                     -              -         -     
## SV Werder Bremen               -              -         -     
## Torino                         -              -         -     
## Toronto FC                     -              -         -     
## Tottenham Hotspur              -              -         -     
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -              -         -     
## Valencia CF                    -              -         -     
## VfB Stuttgart                  -              -         -     
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -              -         -     
## Villarreal CF                  -              -         -     
## Vissel Kobe                    -              -         -     
## Watford                        -              -         -     
## West Ham United                -              -         -     
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -              -         -     
##                                Guangzhou City F.C.
## Ajax                           -                  
## Al Hilal                       -                  
## Al Nassr                       -                  
## Arsenal                        -                  
## AS Monaco                      -                  
## AS Saint Etienne               -                  
## Atalanta                       -                  
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                  
## Atlanta United                 -                  
## Atletico Madrid                -                  
## Atletico Mineiro               -                  
## Basaksehir FK                  -                  
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                  
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                  
## Besiktas JK                    -                  
## Borussia Dortmund              -                  
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                  
## Burnley                        -                  
## Chelsea                        -                  
## Cruzeiro                       -                  
## Crystal Palace                 -                  
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                  
## Deportivo Alaves               -                  
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                  
## Everton                        -                  
## FC Barcelona                   -                  
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                  
## FC Porto                       -                  
## FC Schalke 04                  -                  
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                  
## Fluminense                     -                  
## Fulham                         -                  
## Galatasaray SK                 -                  
## Girona FC                      -                  
## Gremio                         -                  
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                  
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                  
## Hertha BSC                     -                  
## Inter                          -                  
## Juventus                       -                  
## LA Galaxy                      -                  
## Lazio                          -                  
## Leicester City                 -                  
## Levante UD                     -                  
## Liverpool                      -                  
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                  
## Los Angeles FC                 -                  
## Manchester City                -                  
## Manchester United              -                  
## Milan                          -                  
## Montpellier HSC                -                  
## Napoli                         -                  
## New York City FC               -                  
## OGC Nice                       -                  
## Olympique de Marseille         -                  
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                  
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                  
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                  
## PSV                            -                  
## RB Leipzig                     -                  
## RC Celta                       -                  
## Real Betis                     -                  
## Real Madrid                    -                  
## Real Sociedad                  -                  
## River Plate                    -                  
## Roma                           -                  
## Sampdoria                      -                  
## Sassuolo                       -                  
## SC Braga                       -                  
## SD Eibar                       -                  
## Sevilla FC                     -                  
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                  
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                  
## SL Benfica                     -                  
## Southampton                    -                  
## Sporting CP                    -                  
## Stoke City                     -                  
## SV Werder Bremen               -                  
## Torino                         -                  
## Toronto FC                     -                  
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                  
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                  
## Valencia CF                    -                  
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                  
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                  
## Villarreal CF                  -                  
## Vissel Kobe                    -                  
## Watford                        -                  
## West Ham United                -                  
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                  
##                                Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC Hertha BSC Inter
## Ajax                           -                              -          -    
## Al Hilal                       -                              -          -    
## Al Nassr                       -                              -          -    
## Arsenal                        -                              -          -    
## AS Monaco                      -                              -          -    
## AS Saint Etienne               -                              -          -    
## Atalanta                       -                              -          -    
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                              -          -    
## Atlanta United                 -                              -          -    
## Atletico Madrid                -                              -          -    
## Atletico Mineiro               -                              -          -    
## Basaksehir FK                  -                              -          -    
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                              -          -    
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                              -          -    
## Besiktas JK                    -                              -          -    
## Borussia Dortmund              -                              -          -    
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                              -          -    
## Burnley                        -                              -          -    
## Chelsea                        -                              -          -    
## Cruzeiro                       -                              -          -    
## Crystal Palace                 -                              -          -    
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                              -          -    
## Deportivo Alaves               -                              -          -    
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                              -          -    
## Everton                        -                              -          -    
## FC Barcelona                   -                              -          -    
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                              -          -    
## FC Porto                       -                              -          -    
## FC Schalke 04                  -                              -          -    
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                              -          -    
## Fluminense                     -                              -          -    
## Fulham                         -                              -          -    
## Galatasaray SK                 -                              -          -    
## Girona FC                      -                              -          -    
## Gremio                         -                              -          -    
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                              -          -    
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                              -          -    
## Hertha BSC                     -                              -          -    
## Inter                          -                              -          -    
## Juventus                       -                              -          -    
## LA Galaxy                      -                              -          -    
## Lazio                          -                              -          -    
## Leicester City                 -                              -          -    
## Levante UD                     -                              -          -    
## Liverpool                      -                              -          -    
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                              -          -    
## Los Angeles FC                 -                              -          -    
## Manchester City                -                              -          -    
## Manchester United              -                              -          -    
## Milan                          -                              -          -    
## Montpellier HSC                -                              -          -    
## Napoli                         -                              -          -    
## New York City FC               -                              -          -    
## OGC Nice                       -                              -          -    
## Olympique de Marseille         -                              -          -    
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                              -          -    
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                              -          -    
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                              -          -    
## PSV                            -                              -          -    
## RB Leipzig                     -                              -          -    
## RC Celta                       -                              -          -    
## Real Betis                     -                              -          -    
## Real Madrid                    -                              -          -    
## Real Sociedad                  -                              -          -    
## River Plate                    -                              -          -    
## Roma                           -                              -          -    
## Sampdoria                      -                              -          -    
## Sassuolo                       -                              -          -    
## SC Braga                       -                              -          -    
## SD Eibar                       -                              -          -    
## Sevilla FC                     -                              -          -    
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                              -          -    
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                              -          -    
## SL Benfica                     -                              -          -    
## Southampton                    -                              -          -    
## Sporting CP                    -                              -          -    
## Stoke City                     -                              -          -    
## SV Werder Bremen               -                              -          -    
## Torino                         -                              -          -    
## Toronto FC                     -                              -          -    
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                              -          -    
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                              -          -    
## Valencia CF                    -                              -          -    
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                              -          -    
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                              -          -    
## Villarreal CF                  -                              -          -    
## Vissel Kobe                    -                              -          -    
## Watford                        -                              -          -    
## West Ham United                -                              -          -    
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                              -          -    
##                                Juventus LA Galaxy Lazio Leicester City
## Ajax                           -        -         -     -             
## Al Hilal                       -        -         -     -             
## Al Nassr                       -        -         -     -             
## Arsenal                        -        -         -     -             
## AS Monaco                      -        -         -     -             
## AS Saint Etienne               -        -         -     -             
## Atalanta                       -        -         -     -             
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -        -         -     -             
## Atlanta United                 -        -         -     -             
## Atletico Madrid                -        -         -     -             
## Atletico Mineiro               -        -         -     -             
## Basaksehir FK                  -        -         -     -             
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -        -         -     -             
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -        -         -     -             
## Besiktas JK                    -        -         -     -             
## Borussia Dortmund              -        -         -     -             
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -        -         -     -             
## Burnley                        -        -         -     -             
## Chelsea                        -        -         -     -             
## Cruzeiro                       -        -         -     -             
## Crystal Palace                 -        -         -     -             
## Dalian YiFang FC               -        -         -     -             
## Deportivo Alaves               -        -         -     -             
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -        -         -     -             
## Everton                        -        -         -     -             
## FC Barcelona                   -        -         -     -             
## FC Bayern Munchen              -        -         -     -             
## FC Porto                       -        -         -     -             
## FC Schalke 04                  -        -         -     -             
## Fenerbahce SK                  -        -         -     -             
## Fluminense                     -        -         -     -             
## Fulham                         -        -         -     -             
## Galatasaray SK                 -        -         -     -             
## Girona FC                      -        -         -     -             
## Gremio                         -        -         -     -             
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -        -         -     -             
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -        -         -     -             
## Hertha BSC                     -        -         -     -             
## Inter                          -        -         -     -             
## Juventus                       -        -         -     -             
## LA Galaxy                      -        -         -     -             
## Lazio                          -        -         -     -             
## Leicester City                 -        -         -     -             
## Levante UD                     -        -         -     -             
## Liverpool                      -        -         -     -             
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -        -         -     -             
## Los Angeles FC                 -        -         -     -             
## Manchester City                -        -         -     -             
## Manchester United              -        -         -     -             
## Milan                          -        -         -     -             
## Montpellier HSC                -        -         -     -             
## Napoli                         -        -         -     -             
## New York City FC               -        -         -     -             
## OGC Nice                       -        -         -     -             
## Olympique de Marseille         -        -         -     -             
## Olympique Lyonnais             -        -         -     -             
## Paris Saint-Germain            -        -         -     -             
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -        -         -     -             
## PSV                            -        -         -     -             
## RB Leipzig                     -        -         -     -             
## RC Celta                       -        -         -     -             
## Real Betis                     -        -         -     -             
## Real Madrid                    -        -         -     -             
## Real Sociedad                  -        -         -     -             
## River Plate                    -        -         -     -             
## Roma                           -        -         -     -             
## Sampdoria                      -        -         -     -             
## Sassuolo                       -        -         -     -             
## SC Braga                       -        -         -     -             
## SD Eibar                       -        -         -     -             
## Sevilla FC                     -        -         -     -             
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -        -         -     -             
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -        -         -     -             
## SL Benfica                     -        -         -     -             
## Southampton                    -        -         -     -             
## Sporting CP                    -        -         -     -             
## Stoke City                     -        -         -     -             
## SV Werder Bremen               -        -         -     -             
## Torino                         -        -         -     -             
## Toronto FC                     -        -         -     -             
## Tottenham Hotspur              -        -         -     -             
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -        -         -     -             
## Valencia CF                    -        -         -     -             
## VfB Stuttgart                  -        -         -     -             
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -        -         -     -             
## Villarreal CF                  -        -         -     -             
## Vissel Kobe                    -        -         -     -             
## Watford                        -        -         -     -             
## West Ham United                -        -         -     -             
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -        -         -     -             
##                                Levante UD Liverpool Lokomotiv Moscow
## Ajax                           -          -         -               
## Al Hilal                       -          -         -               
## Al Nassr                       -          -         -               
## Arsenal                        -          -         -               
## AS Monaco                      -          -         -               
## AS Saint Etienne               -          -         -               
## Atalanta                       -          -         -               
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -          -         -               
## Atlanta United                 -          -         -               
## Atletico Madrid                -          -         -               
## Atletico Mineiro               -          -         -               
## Basaksehir FK                  -          -         -               
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -          -         -               
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -          -         -               
## Besiktas JK                    -          -         -               
## Borussia Dortmund              -          -         -               
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -          -         -               
## Burnley                        -          -         -               
## Chelsea                        -          -         -               
## Cruzeiro                       -          -         -               
## Crystal Palace                 -          -         -               
## Dalian YiFang FC               -          -         -               
## Deportivo Alaves               -          -         -               
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -          -         -               
## Everton                        -          -         -               
## FC Barcelona                   -          -         -               
## FC Bayern Munchen              -          -         -               
## FC Porto                       -          -         -               
## FC Schalke 04                  -          -         -               
## Fenerbahce SK                  -          -         -               
## Fluminense                     -          -         -               
## Fulham                         -          -         -               
## Galatasaray SK                 -          -         -               
## Girona FC                      -          -         -               
## Gremio                         -          -         -               
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -          -         -               
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -          -         -               
## Hertha BSC                     -          -         -               
## Inter                          -          -         -               
## Juventus                       -          -         -               
## LA Galaxy                      -          -         -               
## Lazio                          -          -         -               
## Leicester City                 -          -         -               
## Levante UD                     -          -         -               
## Liverpool                      -          -         -               
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -          -         -               
## Los Angeles FC                 -          -         -               
## Manchester City                -          -         -               
## Manchester United              -          -         -               
## Milan                          -          -         -               
## Montpellier HSC                -          -         -               
## Napoli                         -          -         -               
## New York City FC               -          -         -               
## OGC Nice                       -          -         -               
## Olympique de Marseille         -          -         -               
## Olympique Lyonnais             -          -         -               
## Paris Saint-Germain            -          -         -               
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -          -         -               
## PSV                            -          -         -               
## RB Leipzig                     -          -         -               
## RC Celta                       -          -         -               
## Real Betis                     -          -         -               
## Real Madrid                    -          -         -               
## Real Sociedad                  -          -         -               
## River Plate                    -          -         -               
## Roma                           -          -         -               
## Sampdoria                      -          -         -               
## Sassuolo                       -          -         -               
## SC Braga                       -          -         -               
## SD Eibar                       -          -         -               
## Sevilla FC                     -          -         -               
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -          -         -               
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -          -         -               
## SL Benfica                     -          -         -               
## Southampton                    -          -         -               
## Sporting CP                    -          -         -               
## Stoke City                     -          -         -               
## SV Werder Bremen               -          -         -               
## Torino                         -          -         -               
## Toronto FC                     -          -         -               
## Tottenham Hotspur              -          -         -               
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -          -         -               
## Valencia CF                    -          -         -               
## VfB Stuttgart                  -          -         -               
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -          -         -               
## Villarreal CF                  -          -         -               
## Vissel Kobe                    -          -         -               
## Watford                        -          -         -               
## West Ham United                -          -         -               
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -          -         -               
##                                Los Angeles FC Manchester City Manchester United
## Ajax                           -              -               -                
## Al Hilal                       -              -               -                
## Al Nassr                       -              -               -                
## Arsenal                        -              -               -                
## AS Monaco                      -              -               -                
## AS Saint Etienne               -              -               -                
## Atalanta                       -              -               -                
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -              -               -                
## Atlanta United                 -              -               -                
## Atletico Madrid                -              -               -                
## Atletico Mineiro               -              -               -                
## Basaksehir FK                  -              -               -                
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -              -               -                
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -              -               -                
## Besiktas JK                    -              -               -                
## Borussia Dortmund              -              -               -                
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -              -               -                
## Burnley                        -              -               -                
## Chelsea                        -              -               -                
## Cruzeiro                       -              -               -                
## Crystal Palace                 -              -               -                
## Dalian YiFang FC               -              -               -                
## Deportivo Alaves               -              -               -                
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -              -               -                
## Everton                        -              -               -                
## FC Barcelona                   -              -               -                
## FC Bayern Munchen              -              -               -                
## FC Porto                       -              -               -                
## FC Schalke 04                  -              -               -                
## Fenerbahce SK                  -              -               -                
## Fluminense                     -              -               -                
## Fulham                         -              -               -                
## Galatasaray SK                 -              -               -                
## Girona FC                      -              -               -                
## Gremio                         -              -               -                
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -              -               -                
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -              -               -                
## Hertha BSC                     -              -               -                
## Inter                          -              -               -                
## Juventus                       -              -               -                
## LA Galaxy                      -              -               -                
## Lazio                          -              -               -                
## Leicester City                 -              -               -                
## Levante UD                     -              -               -                
## Liverpool                      -              -               -                
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -              -               -                
## Los Angeles FC                 -              -               -                
## Manchester City                -              -               -                
## Manchester United              -              -               -                
## Milan                          -              -               -                
## Montpellier HSC                -              -               -                
## Napoli                         -              -               -                
## New York City FC               -              -               -                
## OGC Nice                       -              -               -                
## Olympique de Marseille         -              -               -                
## Olympique Lyonnais             -              -               -                
## Paris Saint-Germain            -              -               -                
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -              -               -                
## PSV                            -              -               -                
## RB Leipzig                     -              -               -                
## RC Celta                       -              -               -                
## Real Betis                     -              -               -                
## Real Madrid                    -              -               -                
## Real Sociedad                  -              -               -                
## River Plate                    -              -               -                
## Roma                           -              -               -                
## Sampdoria                      -              -               -                
## Sassuolo                       -              -               -                
## SC Braga                       -              -               -                
## SD Eibar                       -              -               -                
## Sevilla FC                     -              -               -                
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -              -               -                
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -              -               -                
## SL Benfica                     -              -               -                
## Southampton                    -              -               -                
## Sporting CP                    -              -               -                
## Stoke City                     -              -               -                
## SV Werder Bremen               -              -               -                
## Torino                         -              -               -                
## Toronto FC                     -              -               -                
## Tottenham Hotspur              -              -               -                
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -              -               -                
## Valencia CF                    -              -               -                
## VfB Stuttgart                  -              -               -                
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -              -               -                
## Villarreal CF                  -              -               -                
## Vissel Kobe                    -              -               -                
## Watford                        -              -               -                
## West Ham United                -              -               -                
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -              -               -                
##                                Milan Montpellier HSC Napoli New York City FC
## Ajax                           -     -               -      -               
## Al Hilal                       -     -               -      -               
## Al Nassr                       -     -               -      -               
## Arsenal                        -     -               -      -               
## AS Monaco                      -     -               -      -               
## AS Saint Etienne               -     -               -      -               
## Atalanta                       -     -               -      -               
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -     -               -      -               
## Atlanta United                 -     -               -      -               
## Atletico Madrid                -     -               -      -               
## Atletico Mineiro               -     -               -      -               
## Basaksehir FK                  -     -               -      -               
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -     -               -      -               
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -     -               -      -               
## Besiktas JK                    -     -               -      -               
## Borussia Dortmund              -     -               -      -               
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -     -               -      -               
## Burnley                        -     -               -      -               
## Chelsea                        -     -               -      -               
## Cruzeiro                       -     -               -      -               
## Crystal Palace                 -     -               -      -               
## Dalian YiFang FC               -     -               -      -               
## Deportivo Alaves               -     -               -      -               
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -     -               -      -               
## Everton                        -     -               -      -               
## FC Barcelona                   -     -               -      -               
## FC Bayern Munchen              -     -               -      -               
## FC Porto                       -     -               -      -               
## FC Schalke 04                  -     -               -      -               
## Fenerbahce SK                  -     -               -      -               
## Fluminense                     -     -               -      -               
## Fulham                         -     -               -      -               
## Galatasaray SK                 -     -               -      -               
## Girona FC                      -     -               -      -               
## Gremio                         -     -               -      -               
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -     -               -      -               
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -     -               -      -               
## Hertha BSC                     -     -               -      -               
## Inter                          -     -               -      -               
## Juventus                       -     -               -      -               
## LA Galaxy                      -     -               -      -               
## Lazio                          -     -               -      -               
## Leicester City                 -     -               -      -               
## Levante UD                     -     -               -      -               
## Liverpool                      -     -               -      -               
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -     -               -      -               
## Los Angeles FC                 -     -               -      -               
## Manchester City                -     -               -      -               
## Manchester United              -     -               -      -               
## Milan                          -     -               -      -               
## Montpellier HSC                -     -               -      -               
## Napoli                         -     -               -      -               
## New York City FC               -     -               -      -               
## OGC Nice                       -     -               -      -               
## Olympique de Marseille         -     -               -      -               
## Olympique Lyonnais             -     -               -      -               
## Paris Saint-Germain            -     -               -      -               
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -     -               -      -               
## PSV                            -     -               -      -               
## RB Leipzig                     -     -               -      -               
## RC Celta                       -     -               -      -               
## Real Betis                     -     -               -      -               
## Real Madrid                    -     -               -      -               
## Real Sociedad                  -     -               -      -               
## River Plate                    -     -               -      -               
## Roma                           -     -               -      -               
## Sampdoria                      -     -               -      -               
## Sassuolo                       -     -               -      -               
## SC Braga                       -     -               -      -               
## SD Eibar                       -     -               -      -               
## Sevilla FC                     -     -               -      -               
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -     -               -      -               
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -     -               -      -               
## SL Benfica                     -     -               -      -               
## Southampton                    -     -               -      -               
## Sporting CP                    -     -               -      -               
## Stoke City                     -     -               -      -               
## SV Werder Bremen               -     -               -      -               
## Torino                         -     -               -      -               
## Toronto FC                     -     -               -      -               
## Tottenham Hotspur              -     -               -      -               
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -     -               -      -               
## Valencia CF                    -     -               -      -               
## VfB Stuttgart                  -     -               -      -               
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -     -               -      -               
## Villarreal CF                  -     -               -      -               
## Vissel Kobe                    -     -               -      -               
## Watford                        -     -               -      -               
## West Ham United                -     -               -      -               
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -     -               -      -               
##                                OGC Nice Olympique de Marseille
## Ajax                           -        -                     
## Al Hilal                       -        -                     
## Al Nassr                       -        -                     
## Arsenal                        -        -                     
## AS Monaco                      -        -                     
## AS Saint Etienne               -        -                     
## Atalanta                       -        -                     
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -        -                     
## Atlanta United                 -        -                     
## Atletico Madrid                -        -                     
## Atletico Mineiro               -        -                     
## Basaksehir FK                  -        -                     
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -        -                     
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -        -                     
## Besiktas JK                    -        -                     
## Borussia Dortmund              -        -                     
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -        -                     
## Burnley                        -        -                     
## Chelsea                        -        -                     
## Cruzeiro                       -        -                     
## Crystal Palace                 -        -                     
## Dalian YiFang FC               -        -                     
## Deportivo Alaves               -        -                     
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -        -                     
## Everton                        -        -                     
## FC Barcelona                   -        -                     
## FC Bayern Munchen              -        -                     
## FC Porto                       -        -                     
## FC Schalke 04                  -        -                     
## Fenerbahce SK                  -        -                     
## Fluminense                     -        -                     
## Fulham                         -        -                     
## Galatasaray SK                 -        -                     
## Girona FC                      -        -                     
## Gremio                         -        -                     
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -        -                     
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -        -                     
## Hertha BSC                     -        -                     
## Inter                          -        -                     
## Juventus                       -        -                     
## LA Galaxy                      -        -                     
## Lazio                          -        -                     
## Leicester City                 -        -                     
## Levante UD                     -        -                     
## Liverpool                      -        -                     
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -        -                     
## Los Angeles FC                 -        -                     
## Manchester City                -        -                     
## Manchester United              -        -                     
## Milan                          -        -                     
## Montpellier HSC                -        -                     
## Napoli                         -        -                     
## New York City FC               -        -                     
## OGC Nice                       -        -                     
## Olympique de Marseille         -        -                     
## Olympique Lyonnais             -        -                     
## Paris Saint-Germain            -        -                     
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -        -                     
## PSV                            -        -                     
## RB Leipzig                     -        -                     
## RC Celta                       -        -                     
## Real Betis                     -        -                     
## Real Madrid                    -        -                     
## Real Sociedad                  -        -                     
## River Plate                    -        -                     
## Roma                           -        -                     
## Sampdoria                      -        -                     
## Sassuolo                       -        -                     
## SC Braga                       -        -                     
## SD Eibar                       -        -                     
## Sevilla FC                     -        -                     
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -        -                     
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -        -                     
## SL Benfica                     -        -                     
## Southampton                    -        -                     
## Sporting CP                    -        -                     
## Stoke City                     -        -                     
## SV Werder Bremen               -        -                     
## Torino                         -        -                     
## Toronto FC                     -        -                     
## Tottenham Hotspur              -        -                     
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -        -                     
## Valencia CF                    -        -                     
## VfB Stuttgart                  -        -                     
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -        -                     
## Villarreal CF                  -        -                     
## Vissel Kobe                    -        -                     
## Watford                        -        -                     
## West Ham United                -        -                     
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -        -                     
##                                Olympique Lyonnais Paris Saint-Germain
## Ajax                           -                  -                  
## Al Hilal                       -                  -                  
## Al Nassr                       -                  -                  
## Arsenal                        -                  -                  
## AS Monaco                      -                  -                  
## AS Saint Etienne               -                  -                  
## Atalanta                       -                  -                  
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                  -                  
## Atlanta United                 -                  -                  
## Atletico Madrid                -                  -                  
## Atletico Mineiro               -                  -                  
## Basaksehir FK                  -                  -                  
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                  -                  
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                  -                  
## Besiktas JK                    -                  -                  
## Borussia Dortmund              -                  -                  
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                  -                  
## Burnley                        -                  -                  
## Chelsea                        -                  -                  
## Cruzeiro                       -                  -                  
## Crystal Palace                 -                  -                  
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                  -                  
## Deportivo Alaves               -                  -                  
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                  -                  
## Everton                        -                  -                  
## FC Barcelona                   -                  -                  
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                  -                  
## FC Porto                       -                  -                  
## FC Schalke 04                  -                  -                  
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                  -                  
## Fluminense                     -                  -                  
## Fulham                         -                  -                  
## Galatasaray SK                 -                  -                  
## Girona FC                      -                  -                  
## Gremio                         -                  -                  
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                  -                  
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                  -                  
## Hertha BSC                     -                  -                  
## Inter                          -                  -                  
## Juventus                       -                  -                  
## LA Galaxy                      -                  -                  
## Lazio                          -                  -                  
## Leicester City                 -                  -                  
## Levante UD                     -                  -                  
## Liverpool                      -                  -                  
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                  -                  
## Los Angeles FC                 -                  -                  
## Manchester City                -                  -                  
## Manchester United              -                  -                  
## Milan                          -                  -                  
## Montpellier HSC                -                  -                  
## Napoli                         -                  -                  
## New York City FC               -                  -                  
## OGC Nice                       -                  -                  
## Olympique de Marseille         -                  -                  
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                  -                  
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                  -                  
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                  -                  
## PSV                            -                  -                  
## RB Leipzig                     -                  -                  
## RC Celta                       -                  -                  
## Real Betis                     -                  -                  
## Real Madrid                    -                  -                  
## Real Sociedad                  -                  -                  
## River Plate                    -                  -                  
## Roma                           -                  -                  
## Sampdoria                      -                  -                  
## Sassuolo                       -                  -                  
## SC Braga                       -                  -                  
## SD Eibar                       -                  -                  
## Sevilla FC                     -                  -                  
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                  -                  
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                  -                  
## SL Benfica                     -                  -                  
## Southampton                    -                  -                  
## Sporting CP                    -                  -                  
## Stoke City                     -                  -                  
## SV Werder Bremen               -                  -                  
## Torino                         -                  -                  
## Toronto FC                     -                  -                  
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                  -                  
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                  -                  
## Valencia CF                    -                  -                  
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                  -                  
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                  -                  
## Villarreal CF                  -                  -                  
## Vissel Kobe                    -                  -                  
## Watford                        -                  -                  
## West Ham United                -                  -                  
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                  -                  
##                                PFC CSKA Moscow PSV RB Leipzig RC Celta
## Ajax                           -               -   -          -       
## Al Hilal                       -               -   -          -       
## Al Nassr                       -               -   -          -       
## Arsenal                        -               -   -          -       
## AS Monaco                      -               -   -          -       
## AS Saint Etienne               -               -   -          -       
## Atalanta                       -               -   -          -       
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -               -   -          -       
## Atlanta United                 -               -   -          -       
## Atletico Madrid                -               -   -          -       
## Atletico Mineiro               -               -   -          -       
## Basaksehir FK                  -               -   -          -       
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -               -   -          -       
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -               -   -          -       
## Besiktas JK                    -               -   -          -       
## Borussia Dortmund              -               -   -          -       
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -               -   -          -       
## Burnley                        -               -   -          -       
## Chelsea                        -               -   -          -       
## Cruzeiro                       -               -   -          -       
## Crystal Palace                 -               -   -          -       
## Dalian YiFang FC               -               -   -          -       
## Deportivo Alaves               -               -   -          -       
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -               -   -          -       
## Everton                        -               -   -          -       
## FC Barcelona                   -               -   -          -       
## FC Bayern Munchen              -               -   -          -       
## FC Porto                       -               -   -          -       
## FC Schalke 04                  -               -   -          -       
## Fenerbahce SK                  -               -   -          -       
## Fluminense                     -               -   -          -       
## Fulham                         -               -   -          -       
## Galatasaray SK                 -               -   -          -       
## Girona FC                      -               -   -          -       
## Gremio                         -               -   -          -       
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -               -   -          -       
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -               -   -          -       
## Hertha BSC                     -               -   -          -       
## Inter                          -               -   -          -       
## Juventus                       -               -   -          -       
## LA Galaxy                      -               -   -          -       
## Lazio                          -               -   -          -       
## Leicester City                 -               -   -          -       
## Levante UD                     -               -   -          -       
## Liverpool                      -               -   -          -       
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -               -   -          -       
## Los Angeles FC                 -               -   -          -       
## Manchester City                -               -   -          -       
## Manchester United              -               -   -          -       
## Milan                          -               -   -          -       
## Montpellier HSC                -               -   -          -       
## Napoli                         -               -   -          -       
## New York City FC               -               -   -          -       
## OGC Nice                       -               -   -          -       
## Olympique de Marseille         -               -   -          -       
## Olympique Lyonnais             -               -   -          -       
## Paris Saint-Germain            -               -   -          -       
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -               -   -          -       
## PSV                            -               -   -          -       
## RB Leipzig                     -               -   -          -       
## RC Celta                       -               -   -          -       
## Real Betis                     -               -   -          -       
## Real Madrid                    -               -   -          -       
## Real Sociedad                  -               -   -          -       
## River Plate                    -               -   -          -       
## Roma                           -               -   -          -       
## Sampdoria                      -               -   -          -       
## Sassuolo                       -               -   -          -       
## SC Braga                       -               -   -          -       
## SD Eibar                       -               -   -          -       
## Sevilla FC                     -               -   -          -       
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -               -   -          -       
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -               -   -          -       
## SL Benfica                     -               -   -          -       
## Southampton                    -               -   -          -       
## Sporting CP                    -               -   -          -       
## Stoke City                     -               -   -          -       
## SV Werder Bremen               -               -   -          -       
## Torino                         -               -   -          -       
## Toronto FC                     -               -   -          -       
## Tottenham Hotspur              -               -   -          -       
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -               -   -          -       
## Valencia CF                    -               -   -          -       
## VfB Stuttgart                  -               -   -          -       
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -               -   -          -       
## Villarreal CF                  -               -   -          -       
## Vissel Kobe                    -               -   -          -       
## Watford                        -               -   -          -       
## West Ham United                -               -   -          -       
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -               -   -          -       
##                                Real Betis Real Madrid Real Sociedad River Plate
## Ajax                           -          -           -             -          
## Al Hilal                       -          -           -             -          
## Al Nassr                       -          -           -             -          
## Arsenal                        -          -           -             -          
## AS Monaco                      -          -           -             -          
## AS Saint Etienne               -          -           -             -          
## Atalanta                       -          -           -             -          
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -          -           -             -          
## Atlanta United                 -          -           -             -          
## Atletico Madrid                -          -           -             -          
## Atletico Mineiro               -          -           -             -          
## Basaksehir FK                  -          -           -             -          
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -          -           -             -          
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -          -           -             -          
## Besiktas JK                    -          -           -             -          
## Borussia Dortmund              -          -           -             -          
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -          -           -             -          
## Burnley                        -          -           -             -          
## Chelsea                        -          -           -             -          
## Cruzeiro                       -          -           -             -          
## Crystal Palace                 -          -           -             -          
## Dalian YiFang FC               -          -           -             -          
## Deportivo Alaves               -          -           -             -          
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -          -           -             -          
## Everton                        -          -           -             -          
## FC Barcelona                   -          -           -             -          
## FC Bayern Munchen              -          -           -             -          
## FC Porto                       -          -           -             -          
## FC Schalke 04                  -          -           -             -          
## Fenerbahce SK                  -          -           -             -          
## Fluminense                     -          -           -             -          
## Fulham                         -          -           -             -          
## Galatasaray SK                 -          -           -             -          
## Girona FC                      -          -           -             -          
## Gremio                         -          -           -             -          
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -          -           -             -          
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -          -           -             -          
## Hertha BSC                     -          -           -             -          
## Inter                          -          -           -             -          
## Juventus                       -          -           -             -          
## LA Galaxy                      -          -           -             -          
## Lazio                          -          -           -             -          
## Leicester City                 -          -           -             -          
## Levante UD                     -          -           -             -          
## Liverpool                      -          -           -             -          
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -          -           -             -          
## Los Angeles FC                 -          -           -             -          
## Manchester City                -          -           -             -          
## Manchester United              -          -           -             -          
## Milan                          -          -           -             -          
## Montpellier HSC                -          -           -             -          
## Napoli                         -          -           -             -          
## New York City FC               -          -           -             -          
## OGC Nice                       -          -           -             -          
## Olympique de Marseille         -          -           -             -          
## Olympique Lyonnais             -          -           -             -          
## Paris Saint-Germain            -          -           -             -          
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -          -           -             -          
## PSV                            -          -           -             -          
## RB Leipzig                     -          -           -             -          
## RC Celta                       -          -           -             -          
## Real Betis                     -          -           -             -          
## Real Madrid                    -          -           -             -          
## Real Sociedad                  -          -           -             -          
## River Plate                    -          -           -             -          
## Roma                           -          -           -             -          
## Sampdoria                      -          -           -             -          
## Sassuolo                       -          -           -             -          
## SC Braga                       -          -           -             -          
## SD Eibar                       -          -           -             -          
## Sevilla FC                     -          -           -             -          
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -          -           -             -          
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -          -           -             -          
## SL Benfica                     -          -           -             -          
## Southampton                    -          -           -             -          
## Sporting CP                    -          -           -             -          
## Stoke City                     -          -           -             -          
## SV Werder Bremen               -          -           -             -          
## Torino                         -          -           -             -          
## Toronto FC                     -          -           -             -          
## Tottenham Hotspur              -          -           -             -          
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -          -           -             -          
## Valencia CF                    -          -           -             -          
## VfB Stuttgart                  -          -           -             -          
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -          -           -             -          
## Villarreal CF                  -          -           -             -          
## Vissel Kobe                    -          -           -             -          
## Watford                        -          -           -             -          
## West Ham United                -          -           -             -          
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -          -           -             -          
##                                Roma Sampdoria Sassuolo SC Braga SD Eibar
## Ajax                           -    -         -        -        -       
## Al Hilal                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Al Nassr                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Arsenal                        -    -         -        -        -       
## AS Monaco                      -    -         -        -        -       
## AS Saint Etienne               -    -         -        -        -       
## Atalanta                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -    -         -        -        -       
## Atlanta United                 -    -         -        -        -       
## Atletico Madrid                -    -         -        -        -       
## Atletico Mineiro               -    -         -        -        -       
## Basaksehir FK                  -    -         -        -        -       
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -    -         -        -        -       
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -    -         -        -        -       
## Besiktas JK                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Borussia Dortmund              -    -         -        -        -       
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -    -         -        -        -       
## Burnley                        -    -         -        -        -       
## Chelsea                        -    -         -        -        -       
## Cruzeiro                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Crystal Palace                 -    -         -        -        -       
## Dalian YiFang FC               -    -         -        -        -       
## Deportivo Alaves               -    -         -        -        -       
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -    -         -        -        -       
## Everton                        -    -         -        -        -       
## FC Barcelona                   -    -         -        -        -       
## FC Bayern Munchen              -    -         -        -        -       
## FC Porto                       -    -         -        -        -       
## FC Schalke 04                  -    -         -        -        -       
## Fenerbahce SK                  -    -         -        -        -       
## Fluminense                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Fulham                         -    -         -        -        -       
## Galatasaray SK                 -    -         -        -        -       
## Girona FC                      -    -         -        -        -       
## Gremio                         -    -         -        -        -       
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -    -         -        -        -       
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -    -         -        -        -       
## Hertha BSC                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Inter                          -    -         -        -        -       
## Juventus                       -    -         -        -        -       
## LA Galaxy                      -    -         -        -        -       
## Lazio                          -    -         -        -        -       
## Leicester City                 -    -         -        -        -       
## Levante UD                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Liverpool                      -    -         -        -        -       
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -    -         -        -        -       
## Los Angeles FC                 -    -         -        -        -       
## Manchester City                -    -         -        -        -       
## Manchester United              -    -         -        -        -       
## Milan                          -    -         -        -        -       
## Montpellier HSC                -    -         -        -        -       
## Napoli                         -    -         -        -        -       
## New York City FC               -    -         -        -        -       
## OGC Nice                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Olympique de Marseille         -    -         -        -        -       
## Olympique Lyonnais             -    -         -        -        -       
## Paris Saint-Germain            -    -         -        -        -       
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -    -         -        -        -       
## PSV                            -    -         -        -        -       
## RB Leipzig                     -    -         -        -        -       
## RC Celta                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Real Betis                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Real Madrid                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Real Sociedad                  -    -         -        -        -       
## River Plate                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Roma                           -    -         -        -        -       
## Sampdoria                      -    -         -        -        -       
## Sassuolo                       -    -         -        -        -       
## SC Braga                       -    -         -        -        -       
## SD Eibar                       -    -         -        -        -       
## Sevilla FC                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -    -         -        -        -       
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -    -         -        -        -       
## SL Benfica                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Southampton                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Sporting CP                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Stoke City                     -    -         -        -        -       
## SV Werder Bremen               -    -         -        -        -       
## Torino                         -    -         -        -        -       
## Toronto FC                     -    -         -        -        -       
## Tottenham Hotspur              -    -         -        -        -       
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -    -         -        -        -       
## Valencia CF                    -    -         -        -        -       
## VfB Stuttgart                  -    -         -        -        -       
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -    -         -        -        -       
## Villarreal CF                  -    -         -        -        -       
## Vissel Kobe                    -    -         -        -        -       
## Watford                        -    -         -        -        -       
## West Ham United                -    -         -        -        -       
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -    -         -        -        -       
##                                Sevilla FC Shakhtar Donetsk Shanghai SIPG FC
## Ajax                           -          -                -               
## Al Hilal                       -          -                -               
## Al Nassr                       -          -                -               
## Arsenal                        -          -                -               
## AS Monaco                      -          -                -               
## AS Saint Etienne               -          -                -               
## Atalanta                       -          -                -               
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -          -                -               
## Atlanta United                 -          -                -               
## Atletico Madrid                -          -                -               
## Atletico Mineiro               -          -                -               
## Basaksehir FK                  -          -                -               
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -          -                -               
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -          -                -               
## Besiktas JK                    -          -                -               
## Borussia Dortmund              -          -                -               
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -          -                -               
## Burnley                        -          -                -               
## Chelsea                        -          -                -               
## Cruzeiro                       -          -                -               
## Crystal Palace                 -          -                -               
## Dalian YiFang FC               -          -                -               
## Deportivo Alaves               -          -                -               
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -          -                -               
## Everton                        -          -                -               
## FC Barcelona                   -          -                -               
## FC Bayern Munchen              -          -                -               
## FC Porto                       -          -                -               
## FC Schalke 04                  -          -                -               
## Fenerbahce SK                  -          -                -               
## Fluminense                     -          -                -               
## Fulham                         -          -                -               
## Galatasaray SK                 -          -                -               
## Girona FC                      -          -                -               
## Gremio                         -          -                -               
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -          -                -               
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -          -                -               
## Hertha BSC                     -          -                -               
## Inter                          -          -                -               
## Juventus                       -          -                -               
## LA Galaxy                      -          -                -               
## Lazio                          -          -                -               
## Leicester City                 -          -                -               
## Levante UD                     -          -                -               
## Liverpool                      -          -                -               
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -          -                -               
## Los Angeles FC                 -          -                -               
## Manchester City                -          -                -               
## Manchester United              -          -                -               
## Milan                          -          -                -               
## Montpellier HSC                -          -                -               
## Napoli                         -          -                -               
## New York City FC               -          -                -               
## OGC Nice                       -          -                -               
## Olympique de Marseille         -          -                -               
## Olympique Lyonnais             -          -                -               
## Paris Saint-Germain            -          -                -               
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -          -                -               
## PSV                            -          -                -               
## RB Leipzig                     -          -                -               
## RC Celta                       -          -                -               
## Real Betis                     -          -                -               
## Real Madrid                    -          -                -               
## Real Sociedad                  -          -                -               
## River Plate                    -          -                -               
## Roma                           -          -                -               
## Sampdoria                      -          -                -               
## Sassuolo                       -          -                -               
## SC Braga                       -          -                -               
## SD Eibar                       -          -                -               
## Sevilla FC                     -          -                -               
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -          -                -               
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -          -                -               
## SL Benfica                     -          -                -               
## Southampton                    -          -                -               
## Sporting CP                    -          -                -               
## Stoke City                     -          -                -               
## SV Werder Bremen               -          -                -               
## Torino                         -          -                -               
## Toronto FC                     -          -                -               
## Tottenham Hotspur              -          -                -               
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -          -                -               
## Valencia CF                    -          -                -               
## VfB Stuttgart                  -          -                -               
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -          -                -               
## Villarreal CF                  -          -                -               
## Vissel Kobe                    -          -                -               
## Watford                        -          -                -               
## West Ham United                -          -                -               
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -          -                -               
##                                SL Benfica Southampton Sporting CP Stoke City
## Ajax                           -          -           -           -         
## Al Hilal                       -          -           -           -         
## Al Nassr                       -          -           -           -         
## Arsenal                        -          -           -           -         
## AS Monaco                      -          -           -           -         
## AS Saint Etienne               -          -           -           -         
## Atalanta                       -          -           -           -         
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -          -           -           -         
## Atlanta United                 -          -           -           -         
## Atletico Madrid                -          -           -           -         
## Atletico Mineiro               -          -           -           -         
## Basaksehir FK                  -          -           -           -         
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -          -           -           -         
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -          -           -           -         
## Besiktas JK                    -          -           -           -         
## Borussia Dortmund              -          -           -           -         
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -          -           -           -         
## Burnley                        -          -           -           -         
## Chelsea                        -          -           -           -         
## Cruzeiro                       -          -           -           -         
## Crystal Palace                 -          -           -           -         
## Dalian YiFang FC               -          -           -           -         
## Deportivo Alaves               -          -           -           -         
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -          -           -           -         
## Everton                        -          -           -           -         
## FC Barcelona                   -          -           -           -         
## FC Bayern Munchen              -          -           -           -         
## FC Porto                       -          -           -           -         
## FC Schalke 04                  -          -           -           -         
## Fenerbahce SK                  -          -           -           -         
## Fluminense                     -          -           -           -         
## Fulham                         -          -           -           -         
## Galatasaray SK                 -          -           -           -         
## Girona FC                      -          -           -           -         
## Gremio                         -          -           -           -         
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -          -           -           -         
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -          -           -           -         
## Hertha BSC                     -          -           -           -         
## Inter                          -          -           -           -         
## Juventus                       -          -           -           -         
## LA Galaxy                      -          -           -           -         
## Lazio                          -          -           -           -         
## Leicester City                 -          -           -           -         
## Levante UD                     -          -           -           -         
## Liverpool                      -          -           -           -         
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -          -           -           -         
## Los Angeles FC                 -          -           -           -         
## Manchester City                -          -           -           -         
## Manchester United              -          -           -           -         
## Milan                          -          -           -           -         
## Montpellier HSC                -          -           -           -         
## Napoli                         -          -           -           -         
## New York City FC               -          -           -           -         
## OGC Nice                       -          -           -           -         
## Olympique de Marseille         -          -           -           -         
## Olympique Lyonnais             -          -           -           -         
## Paris Saint-Germain            -          -           -           -         
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -          -           -           -         
## PSV                            -          -           -           -         
## RB Leipzig                     -          -           -           -         
## RC Celta                       -          -           -           -         
## Real Betis                     -          -           -           -         
## Real Madrid                    -          -           -           -         
## Real Sociedad                  -          -           -           -         
## River Plate                    -          -           -           -         
## Roma                           -          -           -           -         
## Sampdoria                      -          -           -           -         
## Sassuolo                       -          -           -           -         
## SC Braga                       -          -           -           -         
## SD Eibar                       -          -           -           -         
## Sevilla FC                     -          -           -           -         
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -          -           -           -         
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -          -           -           -         
## SL Benfica                     -          -           -           -         
## Southampton                    -          -           -           -         
## Sporting CP                    -          -           -           -         
## Stoke City                     -          -           -           -         
## SV Werder Bremen               -          -           -           -         
## Torino                         -          -           -           -         
## Toronto FC                     -          -           -           -         
## Tottenham Hotspur              -          -           -           -         
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -          -           -           -         
## Valencia CF                    -          -           -           -         
## VfB Stuttgart                  -          -           -           -         
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -          -           -           -         
## Villarreal CF                  -          -           -           -         
## Vissel Kobe                    -          -           -           -         
## Watford                        -          -           -           -         
## West Ham United                -          -           -           -         
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -          -           -           -         
##                                SV Werder Bremen Torino Toronto FC
## Ajax                           -                -      -         
## Al Hilal                       -                -      -         
## Al Nassr                       -                -      -         
## Arsenal                        -                -      -         
## AS Monaco                      -                -      -         
## AS Saint Etienne               -                -      -         
## Atalanta                       -                -      -         
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                -      -         
## Atlanta United                 -                -      -         
## Atletico Madrid                -                -      -         
## Atletico Mineiro               -                -      -         
## Basaksehir FK                  -                -      -         
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                -      -         
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                -      -         
## Besiktas JK                    -                -      -         
## Borussia Dortmund              -                -      -         
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                -      -         
## Burnley                        -                -      -         
## Chelsea                        -                -      -         
## Cruzeiro                       -                -      -         
## Crystal Palace                 -                -      -         
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                -      -         
## Deportivo Alaves               -                -      -         
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                -      -         
## Everton                        -                -      -         
## FC Barcelona                   -                -      -         
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                -      -         
## FC Porto                       -                -      -         
## FC Schalke 04                  -                -      -         
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                -      -         
## Fluminense                     -                -      -         
## Fulham                         -                -      -         
## Galatasaray SK                 -                -      -         
## Girona FC                      -                -      -         
## Gremio                         -                -      -         
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                -      -         
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                -      -         
## Hertha BSC                     -                -      -         
## Inter                          -                -      -         
## Juventus                       -                -      -         
## LA Galaxy                      -                -      -         
## Lazio                          -                -      -         
## Leicester City                 -                -      -         
## Levante UD                     -                -      -         
## Liverpool                      -                -      -         
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                -      -         
## Los Angeles FC                 -                -      -         
## Manchester City                -                -      -         
## Manchester United              -                -      -         
## Milan                          -                -      -         
## Montpellier HSC                -                -      -         
## Napoli                         -                -      -         
## New York City FC               -                -      -         
## OGC Nice                       -                -      -         
## Olympique de Marseille         -                -      -         
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                -      -         
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                -      -         
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                -      -         
## PSV                            -                -      -         
## RB Leipzig                     -                -      -         
## RC Celta                       -                -      -         
## Real Betis                     -                -      -         
## Real Madrid                    -                -      -         
## Real Sociedad                  -                -      -         
## River Plate                    -                -      -         
## Roma                           -                -      -         
## Sampdoria                      -                -      -         
## Sassuolo                       -                -      -         
## SC Braga                       -                -      -         
## SD Eibar                       -                -      -         
## Sevilla FC                     -                -      -         
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                -      -         
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                -      -         
## SL Benfica                     -                -      -         
## Southampton                    -                -      -         
## Sporting CP                    -                -      -         
## Stoke City                     -                -      -         
## SV Werder Bremen               -                -      -         
## Torino                         -                -      -         
## Toronto FC                     -                -      -         
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                -      -         
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                -      -         
## Valencia CF                    -                -      -         
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                -      -         
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                -      -         
## Villarreal CF                  -                -      -         
## Vissel Kobe                    -                -      -         
## Watford                        -                -      -         
## West Ham United                -                -      -         
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                -      -         
##                                Tottenham Hotspur TSG 1899 Hoffenheim
## Ajax                           -                 -                  
## Al Hilal                       -                 -                  
## Al Nassr                       -                 -                  
## Arsenal                        -                 -                  
## AS Monaco                      -                 -                  
## AS Saint Etienne               -                 -                  
## Atalanta                       -                 -                  
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -                 -                  
## Atlanta United                 -                 -                  
## Atletico Madrid                -                 -                  
## Atletico Mineiro               -                 -                  
## Basaksehir FK                  -                 -                  
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -                 -                  
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -                 -                  
## Besiktas JK                    -                 -                  
## Borussia Dortmund              -                 -                  
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -                 -                  
## Burnley                        -                 -                  
## Chelsea                        -                 -                  
## Cruzeiro                       -                 -                  
## Crystal Palace                 -                 -                  
## Dalian YiFang FC               -                 -                  
## Deportivo Alaves               -                 -                  
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -                 -                  
## Everton                        -                 -                  
## FC Barcelona                   -                 -                  
## FC Bayern Munchen              -                 -                  
## FC Porto                       -                 -                  
## FC Schalke 04                  -                 -                  
## Fenerbahce SK                  -                 -                  
## Fluminense                     -                 -                  
## Fulham                         -                 -                  
## Galatasaray SK                 -                 -                  
## Girona FC                      -                 -                  
## Gremio                         -                 -                  
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -                 -                  
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -                 -                  
## Hertha BSC                     -                 -                  
## Inter                          -                 -                  
## Juventus                       -                 -                  
## LA Galaxy                      -                 -                  
## Lazio                          -                 -                  
## Leicester City                 -                 -                  
## Levante UD                     -                 -                  
## Liverpool                      -                 -                  
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -                 -                  
## Los Angeles FC                 -                 -                  
## Manchester City                -                 -                  
## Manchester United              -                 -                  
## Milan                          -                 -                  
## Montpellier HSC                -                 -                  
## Napoli                         -                 -                  
## New York City FC               -                 -                  
## OGC Nice                       -                 -                  
## Olympique de Marseille         -                 -                  
## Olympique Lyonnais             -                 -                  
## Paris Saint-Germain            -                 -                  
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -                 -                  
## PSV                            -                 -                  
## RB Leipzig                     -                 -                  
## RC Celta                       -                 -                  
## Real Betis                     -                 -                  
## Real Madrid                    -                 -                  
## Real Sociedad                  -                 -                  
## River Plate                    -                 -                  
## Roma                           -                 -                  
## Sampdoria                      -                 -                  
## Sassuolo                       -                 -                  
## SC Braga                       -                 -                  
## SD Eibar                       -                 -                  
## Sevilla FC                     -                 -                  
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -                 -                  
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -                 -                  
## SL Benfica                     -                 -                  
## Southampton                    -                 -                  
## Sporting CP                    -                 -                  
## Stoke City                     -                 -                  
## SV Werder Bremen               -                 -                  
## Torino                         -                 -                  
## Toronto FC                     -                 -                  
## Tottenham Hotspur              -                 -                  
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -                 -                  
## Valencia CF                    -                 -                  
## VfB Stuttgart                  -                 -                  
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -                 -                  
## Villarreal CF                  -                 -                  
## Vissel Kobe                    -                 -                  
## Watford                        -                 -                  
## West Ham United                -                 -                  
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -                 -                  
##                                Valencia CF VfB Stuttgart VfL Wolfsburg
## Ajax                           -           -             -            
## Al Hilal                       -           -             -            
## Al Nassr                       -           -             -            
## Arsenal                        -           -             -            
## AS Monaco                      -           -             -            
## AS Saint Etienne               -           -             -            
## Atalanta                       -           -             -            
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -           -             -            
## Atlanta United                 -           -             -            
## Atletico Madrid                -           -             -            
## Atletico Mineiro               -           -             -            
## Basaksehir FK                  -           -             -            
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -           -             -            
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -           -             -            
## Besiktas JK                    -           -             -            
## Borussia Dortmund              -           -             -            
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -           -             -            
## Burnley                        -           -             -            
## Chelsea                        -           -             -            
## Cruzeiro                       -           -             -            
## Crystal Palace                 -           -             -            
## Dalian YiFang FC               -           -             -            
## Deportivo Alaves               -           -             -            
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -           -             -            
## Everton                        -           -             -            
## FC Barcelona                   -           -             -            
## FC Bayern Munchen              -           -             -            
## FC Porto                       -           -             -            
## FC Schalke 04                  -           -             -            
## Fenerbahce SK                  -           -             -            
## Fluminense                     -           -             -            
## Fulham                         -           -             -            
## Galatasaray SK                 -           -             -            
## Girona FC                      -           -             -            
## Gremio                         -           -             -            
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -           -             -            
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -           -             -            
## Hertha BSC                     -           -             -            
## Inter                          -           -             -            
## Juventus                       -           -             -            
## LA Galaxy                      -           -             -            
## Lazio                          -           -             -            
## Leicester City                 -           -             -            
## Levante UD                     -           -             -            
## Liverpool                      -           -             -            
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -           -             -            
## Los Angeles FC                 -           -             -            
## Manchester City                -           -             -            
## Manchester United              -           -             -            
## Milan                          -           -             -            
## Montpellier HSC                -           -             -            
## Napoli                         -           -             -            
## New York City FC               -           -             -            
## OGC Nice                       -           -             -            
## Olympique de Marseille         -           -             -            
## Olympique Lyonnais             -           -             -            
## Paris Saint-Germain            -           -             -            
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -           -             -            
## PSV                            -           -             -            
## RB Leipzig                     -           -             -            
## RC Celta                       -           -             -            
## Real Betis                     -           -             -            
## Real Madrid                    -           -             -            
## Real Sociedad                  -           -             -            
## River Plate                    -           -             -            
## Roma                           -           -             -            
## Sampdoria                      -           -             -            
## Sassuolo                       -           -             -            
## SC Braga                       -           -             -            
## SD Eibar                       -           -             -            
## Sevilla FC                     -           -             -            
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -           -             -            
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -           -             -            
## SL Benfica                     -           -             -            
## Southampton                    -           -             -            
## Sporting CP                    -           -             -            
## Stoke City                     -           -             -            
## SV Werder Bremen               -           -             -            
## Torino                         -           -             -            
## Toronto FC                     -           -             -            
## Tottenham Hotspur              -           -             -            
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -           -             -            
## Valencia CF                    -           -             -            
## VfB Stuttgart                  -           -             -            
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -           -             -            
## Villarreal CF                  -           -             -            
## Vissel Kobe                    -           -             -            
## Watford                        -           -             -            
## West Ham United                -           -             -            
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -           -             -            
##                                Villarreal CF Vissel Kobe Watford
## Ajax                           -             -           -      
## Al Hilal                       -             -           -      
## Al Nassr                       -             -           -      
## Arsenal                        -             -           -      
## AS Monaco                      -             -           -      
## AS Saint Etienne               -             -           -      
## Atalanta                       -             -           -      
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -             -           -      
## Atlanta United                 -             -           -      
## Atletico Madrid                -             -           -      
## Atletico Mineiro               -             -           -      
## Basaksehir FK                  -             -           -      
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -             -           -      
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -             -           -      
## Besiktas JK                    -             -           -      
## Borussia Dortmund              -             -           -      
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -             -           -      
## Burnley                        -             -           -      
## Chelsea                        -             -           -      
## Cruzeiro                       -             -           -      
## Crystal Palace                 -             -           -      
## Dalian YiFang FC               -             -           -      
## Deportivo Alaves               -             -           -      
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -             -           -      
## Everton                        -             -           -      
## FC Barcelona                   -             -           -      
## FC Bayern Munchen              -             -           -      
## FC Porto                       -             -           -      
## FC Schalke 04                  -             -           -      
## Fenerbahce SK                  -             -           -      
## Fluminense                     -             -           -      
## Fulham                         -             -           -      
## Galatasaray SK                 -             -           -      
## Girona FC                      -             -           -      
## Gremio                         -             -           -      
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -             -           -      
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -             -           -      
## Hertha BSC                     -             -           -      
## Inter                          -             -           -      
## Juventus                       -             -           -      
## LA Galaxy                      -             -           -      
## Lazio                          -             -           -      
## Leicester City                 -             -           -      
## Levante UD                     -             -           -      
## Liverpool                      -             -           -      
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -             -           -      
## Los Angeles FC                 -             -           -      
## Manchester City                -             -           -      
## Manchester United              -             -           -      
## Milan                          -             -           -      
## Montpellier HSC                -             -           -      
## Napoli                         -             -           -      
## New York City FC               -             -           -      
## OGC Nice                       -             -           -      
## Olympique de Marseille         -             -           -      
## Olympique Lyonnais             -             -           -      
## Paris Saint-Germain            -             -           -      
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -             -           -      
## PSV                            -             -           -      
## RB Leipzig                     -             -           -      
## RC Celta                       -             -           -      
## Real Betis                     -             -           -      
## Real Madrid                    -             -           -      
## Real Sociedad                  -             -           -      
## River Plate                    -             -           -      
## Roma                           -             -           -      
## Sampdoria                      -             -           -      
## Sassuolo                       -             -           -      
## SC Braga                       -             -           -      
## SD Eibar                       -             -           -      
## Sevilla FC                     -             -           -      
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -             -           -      
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -             -           -      
## SL Benfica                     -             -           -      
## Southampton                    -             -           -      
## Sporting CP                    -             -           -      
## Stoke City                     -             -           -      
## SV Werder Bremen               -             -           -      
## Torino                         -             -           -      
## Toronto FC                     -             -           -      
## Tottenham Hotspur              -             -           -      
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -             -           -      
## Valencia CF                    -             -           -      
## VfB Stuttgart                  -             -           -      
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -             -           -      
## Villarreal CF                  -             -           -      
## Vissel Kobe                    -             -           -      
## Watford                        -             -           -      
## West Ham United                -             -           -      
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -             -           -      
##                                West Ham United
## Ajax                           -              
## Al Hilal                       -              
## Al Nassr                       -              
## Arsenal                        -              
## AS Monaco                      -              
## AS Saint Etienne               -              
## Atalanta                       -              
## Athletic Club de Bilbao        -              
## Atlanta United                 -              
## Atletico Madrid                -              
## Atletico Mineiro               -              
## Basaksehir FK                  -              
## Bayer 04 Leverkusen            -              
## Beijing Sinobo Guoan FC        -              
## Besiktas JK                    -              
## Borussia Dortmund              -              
## Borussia Monchengladbach       -              
## Burnley                        -              
## Chelsea                        -              
## Cruzeiro                       -              
## Crystal Palace                 -              
## Dalian YiFang FC               -              
## Deportivo Alaves               -              
## Eintracht Frankfurt            -              
## Everton                        -              
## FC Barcelona                   -              
## FC Bayern Munchen              -              
## FC Porto                       -              
## FC Schalke 04                  -              
## Fenerbahce SK                  -              
## Fluminense                     -              
## Fulham                         -              
## Galatasaray SK                 -              
## Girona FC                      -              
## Gremio                         -              
## Guangzhou City F.C.            -              
## Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC -              
## Hertha BSC                     -              
## Inter                          -              
## Juventus                       -              
## LA Galaxy                      -              
## Lazio                          -              
## Leicester City                 -              
## Levante UD                     -              
## Liverpool                      -              
## Lokomotiv Moscow               -              
## Los Angeles FC                 -              
## Manchester City                -              
## Manchester United              -              
## Milan                          -              
## Montpellier HSC                -              
## Napoli                         -              
## New York City FC               -              
## OGC Nice                       -              
## Olympique de Marseille         -              
## Olympique Lyonnais             -              
## Paris Saint-Germain            -              
## PFC CSKA Moscow                -              
## PSV                            -              
## RB Leipzig                     -              
## RC Celta                       -              
## Real Betis                     -              
## Real Madrid                    -              
## Real Sociedad                  -              
## River Plate                    -              
## Roma                           -              
## Sampdoria                      -              
## Sassuolo                       -              
## SC Braga                       -              
## SD Eibar                       -              
## Sevilla FC                     -              
## Shakhtar Donetsk               -              
## Shanghai SIPG FC               -              
## SL Benfica                     -              
## Southampton                    -              
## Sporting CP                    -              
## Stoke City                     -              
## SV Werder Bremen               -              
## Torino                         -              
## Toronto FC                     -              
## Tottenham Hotspur              -              
## TSG 1899 Hoffenheim            -              
## Valencia CF                    -              
## VfB Stuttgart                  -              
## VfL Wolfsburg                  -              
## Villarreal CF                  -              
## Vissel Kobe                    -              
## Watford                        -              
## West Ham United                -              
## Wolverhampton Wanderers        -              
## 
## P value adjustment method: bonferroni
# tukeys pair wise t-test
tukey_result <- TukeyHSD(m)
# convert to dataframe
comparisons <- as.data.frame(tukey_result$Club)
# filter pairs whose p-value<0.05
comparisons %>% filter(comparisons$`p adj`<0.05) %>% select('p adj') -> diff.groups

diff.groups

By doing pairwise comparisons using Tukeys method the mean wages of the above club combinations are different.
Out of 4095 pairs, 280 club pairs are different.

- Does wage differ by clubs after controlling other variables ?

ANCOVA Test

\[ \text{wage} = f(\text{value}+\text{overall}+\text{strength}+\text{club}) \]

Anova(lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Club, data=data), type=3)
## Warning in printHypothesis(L, rhs, names(b)): one or more coefficients in the hypothesis include
##      arithmetic operators in their names;
##   the printed representation of the hypothesis will be omitted

From individual f-test, p-value of Club << 0.05. Club is a significant predictor of a player’s wage after controlling other factors like value, balance, strength and overall.

library(emmeans)
m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Club, data=data)
emmeans.result <- emmeans(m, specs = "Club" , contr = "pairwise",  adjust="tukey")$contrast
emmeans.data <- as.data.frame(emmeans.result)
emmeans.data %>% filter(p.value<0.05) %>% view()
m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Club, data=data) #R2=0.875
mean(residuals(m)^2)
## [1] 569.7322
m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Potential+Club, data=data) #R2=0.905
mean(residuals(m)^2)
## [1] 448.0136
m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age+Club, data=data) #R2=0.909
mean(residuals(m)^2)
## [1] 428.7065
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Overall + Value_in_M + Balance + Strength + 
##     Potential + Age + Club, data = data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -82.953  -8.435  -0.075   8.022 133.447 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                      Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                        -226.79499  102.51666  -2.212 0.027509 *  
## Overall                               4.97437    1.68685   2.949 0.003375 ** 
## Value_in_M                            2.36577    0.20829  11.358  < 2e-16 ***
## Balance                               0.37235    0.09634   3.865 0.000130 ***
## Strength                              0.39790    0.11578   3.437 0.000650 ***
## Potential                            -3.89379    0.89247  -4.363 1.63e-05 ***
## Age                                   3.30807    0.77747   4.255 2.60e-05 ***
## ClubAjax                             -7.98698   24.95396  -0.320 0.749082    
## ClubAl Hilal                          1.66722   33.07785   0.050 0.959826    
## ClubAl Nassr                        -14.12328   33.09402  -0.427 0.669781    
## ClubArsenal                          69.29429   24.22144   2.861 0.004445 ** 
## ClubAS Monaco                        31.09175   26.08366   1.192 0.233964    
## ClubAS Saint Etienne                -21.19291   32.82916  -0.646 0.518938    
## ClubAtalanta                        -22.38847   28.58946  -0.783 0.434028    
## ClubAthletic Club de Bilbao         -15.59350   27.06090  -0.576 0.564777    
## ClubAtlanta United                  -18.33177   28.54478  -0.642 0.521102    
## ClubAtletico Madrid                   0.04679   24.02098   0.002 0.998447    
## ClubAtletico Mineiro                -11.17928   28.60215  -0.391 0.696112    
## ClubBasaksehir FK                   -23.51314   33.00692  -0.712 0.476649    
## ClubBayer 04 Leverkusen              28.60606   24.46622   1.169 0.243013    
## ClubBeijing Sinobo Guoan FC         -32.06810   27.09545  -1.184 0.237301    
## ClubBesiktas JK                       9.71341   25.73710   0.377 0.706069    
## ClubBorussia Dortmund                15.51050   24.35438   0.637 0.524574    
## ClubBorussia Monchengladbach         -5.42049   24.99158  -0.217 0.828402    
## ClubBurnley                          36.33409   28.44527   1.277 0.202222    
## ClubChelsea                          78.38260   24.10157   3.252 0.001242 ** 
## ClubCruzeiro                         -6.25390   28.75921  -0.217 0.827962    
## ClubCrystal Palace                   17.36763   33.02193   0.526 0.599218    
## ClubDalian YiFang FC                -37.89394   28.48867  -1.330 0.184226    
## ClubDeportivo Alaves                 10.62677   32.76253   0.324 0.745836    
## ClubEintracht Frankfurt              12.74346   32.95526   0.387 0.699191    
## ClubEverton                          67.90687   24.96348   2.720 0.006806 ** 
## ClubFC Barcelona                    133.95645   24.05953   5.568 4.73e-08 ***
## ClubFC Bayern Munchen                29.73362   24.09925   1.234 0.217999    
## ClubFC Porto                        -33.67927   24.61066  -1.368 0.171925    
## ClubFC Schalke 04                    -1.52671   25.44286  -0.060 0.952181    
## ClubFenerbahce SK                    41.09996   33.21891   1.237 0.216718    
## ClubFluminense                       -8.87568   28.83642  -0.308 0.758399    
## ClubFulham                           23.81941   33.02847   0.721 0.471219    
## ClubGalatasaray SK                   19.62557   28.60735   0.686 0.493088    
## ClubGirona FC                        -1.22828   32.96203  -0.037 0.970293    
## ClubGremio                          -14.22352   26.91634  -0.528 0.597490    
## ClubGuangzhou City F.C.             -23.06335   33.05855  -0.698 0.485798    
## ClubGuangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC   46.72062   28.55220   1.636 0.102555    
## ClubHertha BSC                      -14.42292   32.80156  -0.440 0.660389    
## ClubInter                            19.26507   24.13884   0.798 0.425287    
## ClubJuventus                         68.01248   24.01209   2.832 0.004852 ** 
## ClubLA Galaxy                       -51.00637   33.02028  -1.545 0.123206    
## ClubLazio                             5.48029   24.70694   0.222 0.824573    
## ClubLeicester City                   34.35654   25.50732   1.347 0.178762    
## ClubLevante UD                      -20.85396   33.00844  -0.632 0.527892    
## ClubLiverpool                        67.35040   24.16688   2.787 0.005574 ** 
## ClubLokomotiv Moscow                -49.21773   26.20619  -1.878 0.061092 .  
## ClubLos Angeles FC                  -39.88643   33.03090  -1.208 0.227931    
## ClubManchester City                  86.79340   24.11599   3.599 0.000359 ***
## ClubManchester United                87.21131   24.14385   3.612 0.000342 ***
## ClubMilan                            54.58297   24.26825   2.249 0.025044 *  
## ClubMontpellier HSC                  21.95208   32.74726   0.670 0.503021    
## ClubNapoli                           23.50480   24.21990   0.970 0.332393    
## ClubNew York City FC                -41.27197   33.26537  -1.241 0.215444    
## ClubOGC Nice                        -15.10635   32.87189  -0.460 0.646086    
## ClubOlympique de Marseille            3.35596   24.96072   0.134 0.893114    
## ClubOlympique Lyonnais               19.57770   25.78997   0.759 0.448225    
## ClubParis Saint-Germain              25.45350   24.21892   1.051 0.293901    
## ClubPFC CSKA Moscow                 -46.45280   32.86860  -1.413 0.158345    
## ClubPSV                              -4.05635   26.83630  -0.151 0.879932    
## ClubRB Leipzig                       11.53679   26.11173   0.442 0.658854    
## ClubRC Celta                         -9.12547   26.86326  -0.340 0.734259    
## ClubReal Betis                       -5.93228   24.49599  -0.242 0.808769    
## ClubReal Madrid                     140.08670   24.08646   5.816 1.23e-08 ***
## ClubReal Sociedad                    -0.35696   25.98127  -0.014 0.989045    
## ClubRiver Plate                      -6.78092   32.94641  -0.206 0.837038    
## ClubRoma                             25.11358   24.38120   1.030 0.303611    
## ClubSampdoria                       -14.60705   33.36495  -0.438 0.661769    
## ClubSassuolo                         15.19416   28.48689   0.533 0.594070    
## ClubSC Braga                        -14.85006   32.95840  -0.451 0.652542    
## ClubSD Eibar                        -16.56018   28.70025  -0.577 0.564259    
## ClubSevilla FC                      -31.43340   24.82202  -1.266 0.206121    
## ClubShakhtar Donetsk                -49.44239   25.81396  -1.915 0.056159 .  
## ClubShanghai SIPG FC                -33.29996   28.52954  -1.167 0.243818    
## ClubSL Benfica                      -25.03685   24.75749  -1.011 0.312489    
## ClubSouthampton                      30.40887   32.93028   0.923 0.356336    
## ClubSporting CP                     -31.31411   24.92947  -1.256 0.209806    
## ClubStoke City                       32.94371   32.81275   1.004 0.315987    
## ClubSV Werder Bremen                 -6.62486   28.38402  -0.233 0.815569    
## ClubTorino                            3.96311   26.16395   0.151 0.879679    
## ClubToronto FC                      -47.27356   33.07337  -1.429 0.153679    
## ClubTottenham Hotspur                47.26556   24.05538   1.965 0.050118 .  
## ClubTSG 1899 Hoffenheim               3.05104   25.22323   0.121 0.903782    
## ClubValencia CF                       5.12341   24.25241   0.211 0.832796    
## ClubVfB Stuttgart                    13.66387   28.58785   0.478 0.632938    
## ClubVfL Wolfsburg                    19.06694   32.66723   0.584 0.559769    
## ClubVillarreal CF                   -10.37275   24.97828  -0.415 0.678165    
## ClubVissel Kobe                     -62.82868   33.21585  -1.892 0.059273 .  
## ClubWatford                          28.67260   26.95339   1.064 0.288065    
## ClubWest Ham United                  50.16595   25.20006   1.991 0.047190 *  
## ClubWolverhampton Wanderers          35.56372   26.93272   1.320 0.187431    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 23.07 on 402 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9264, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9088 
## F-statistic: 52.72 on 96 and 402 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
Model Adjusted R2 Global Test
1. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{club}\] \(0.875\) Significant
2. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{potential}+\beta_6 x_{club}\] \(0.905\) Significant
3. \[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{potential}+ +\beta_6 x_{age} + \beta_7 x_{club}\] \(0.909\) Significant
  • From the analysis after including group variable Club in the model, it explains much higher variability in wage i.e from 65% to around 87%.
  • By adding other variables, R2 of the model increases to 0.90.
  • \(Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{potential}+ +\beta_6 x_{age} + \beta_7 x_{club}\) is the best model as it has highest accuracy.

- Adding group variable 'Nationality'

- Does wage vary by nationalaity ?

ANOVA test
m <- aov(Wage_in_K ~ Nationality, data=data)
summary(m)
##              Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## Nationality  58  360887    6222   1.075  0.337
## Residuals   440 2546243    5787

Model is not significant as p-value of nationality > 0.05. We have significant evidence that wages of player does not vary by their nationality.

Final model

\[Y_{wage} = \beta_0+\beta_1 x_{overall}+\beta_2 x_{value}+\beta_3 x_{balance}+\beta_4 x_{strength}+\beta_5 x_{potential}+ +\beta_6 x_{age} + \beta_7 x_{club}\]

Aceses linear assumption

mlr.final = lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Potential+Age+Club, data=data)
plot(mlr.final)
## Warning: not plotting observations with leverage one:
##   77, 110, 148, 190, 207, 209, 223, 257, 271, 277, 280, 294, 316, 331, 332, 360, 390, 398, 404, 405, 432, 440, 448, 456, 459, 461, 466, 467

plot(Wage_in_K ,residuals(mlr.final))

For extremely high wages ( >400K ), the residual error is very large. Hence could be possible outliers.

Outlier Removal

data %>% filter(Wage_in_K>400) %>% view()
data %>% ggplot(aes(x = Wage_in_K)) +
  geom_histogram(color = 'black') +
  geom_vline(xintercept = median(Wage_in_K), colour = 'red', show.legend = TRUE) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = mean(Wage_in_K), colour = 'blue', show.legend = TRUE) +
  labs(x = 'Wage (in K)', y = 'Frequency', title = 'Histogram of Wage Distribution')
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Right skewed distribution Most soccer players have below median wage and very few players have significantly large wage.

Q1 <- quantile(Wage_in_K, 0.25)
Q3 <- quantile(Wage_in_K, 0.75)
IQR <- Q3 - Q1

Med <- median(Wage_in_K)

filtered.data<-data[!(Wage_in_K>(Q3+1.5*IQR)|Wage_in_K<(Q1-1.5*IQR)),]

m <- lm(Wage_in_K ~ Overall+Value_in_M+Balance+Strength+Potential+Club, data=filtered.data)
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Wage_in_K ~ Overall + Value_in_M + Balance + Strength + 
##     Potential + Club, data = filtered.data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -84.680  -5.887   0.000   5.232  84.680 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                      Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                        -317.67787   65.83101  -4.826 2.02e-06 ***
## Overall                               8.85480    0.58631  15.103  < 2e-16 ***
## Value_in_M                            1.19962    0.12241   9.800  < 2e-16 ***
## Balance                               0.29399    0.06609   4.448 1.14e-05 ***
## Strength                              0.33573    0.07856   4.274 2.43e-05 ***
## Potential                            -5.20310    0.43041 -12.089  < 2e-16 ***
## ClubAjax                             -6.95760   16.45469  -0.423 0.672655    
## ClubAl Hilal                         16.17786   21.70921   0.745 0.456606    
## ClubAl Nassr                         -2.43704   21.83011  -0.112 0.911170    
## ClubArsenal                          75.99797   16.00816   4.747 2.92e-06 ***
## ClubAS Monaco                        40.25865   17.18041   2.343 0.019628 *  
## ClubAS Saint Etienne                -12.54327   21.64226  -0.580 0.562545    
## ClubAtalanta                         -7.30775   18.82408  -0.388 0.698075    
## ClubAthletic Club de Bilbao          -3.31532   17.75399  -0.187 0.851967    
## ClubAtlanta United                  -14.38603   18.81223  -0.765 0.444914    
## ClubAtletico Madrid                  15.39483   15.84422   0.972 0.331848    
## ClubAtletico Mineiro                 -3.44281   18.86271  -0.183 0.855272    
## ClubBasaksehir FK                   -14.09691   21.76450  -0.648 0.517568    
## ClubBayer 04 Leverkusen              31.97219   16.13289   1.982 0.048220 *  
## ClubBeijing Sinobo Guoan FC         -21.18310   17.86232  -1.186 0.236397    
## ClubBesiktas JK                      17.63931   16.95668   1.040 0.298880    
## ClubBorussia Dortmund                22.74006   16.05338   1.417 0.157438    
## ClubBorussia Monchengladbach         -0.36936   16.47426  -0.022 0.982124    
## ClubBurnley                          35.21125   18.74413   1.879 0.061073 .  
## ClubChelsea                          89.46093   15.90719   5.624 3.62e-08 ***
## ClubCruzeiro                          2.34940   18.90706   0.124 0.901175    
## ClubCrystal Palace                   28.37113   21.77267   1.303 0.193341    
## ClubDalian YiFang FC                -27.14203   18.77860  -1.445 0.149176    
## ClubDeportivo Alaves                  9.38943   21.58393   0.435 0.663794    
## ClubEintracht Frankfurt              13.22483   21.72828   0.609 0.543122    
## ClubEverton                          70.33723   16.46079   4.273 2.44e-05 ***
## ClubFC Barcelona                    124.16934   15.98382   7.768 7.44e-14 ***
## ClubFC Bayern Munchen                39.21254   15.93425   2.461 0.014302 *  
## ClubFC Porto                        -25.63882   16.22239  -1.580 0.114832    
## ClubFC Schalke 04                     1.33672   16.77077   0.080 0.936514    
## ClubFenerbahce SK                    55.22485   21.78958   2.534 0.011662 *  
## ClubFluminense                        3.58950   18.91224   0.190 0.849569    
## ClubFulham                           28.47847   21.77937   1.308 0.191801    
## ClubGalatasaray SK                   26.06834   18.81708   1.385 0.166754    
## ClubGirona FC                         1.74696   21.73271   0.080 0.935974    
## ClubGremio                          -10.96183   17.73852  -0.618 0.536966    
## ClubGuangzhou City F.C.             -11.85008   21.73825  -0.545 0.585986    
## ClubGuangzhou Evergrande Taobao FC   66.61959   18.79955   3.544 0.000444 ***
## ClubHertha BSC                       -4.73959   21.57400  -0.220 0.826230    
## ClubInter                            31.44344   15.90898   1.976 0.048824 *  
## ClubJuventus                         78.23906   15.84531   4.938 1.18e-06 ***
## ClubLA Galaxy                       -34.85042   21.69298  -1.607 0.108986    
## ClubLazio                            16.46502   16.28160   1.011 0.312531    
## ClubLeicester City                   37.87697   16.81623   2.252 0.024865 *  
## ClubLevante UD                       -9.16687   21.72627  -0.422 0.673317    
## ClubLiverpool                        77.22582   15.96433   4.837 1.91e-06 ***
## ClubLokomotiv Moscow                -39.73780   17.23989  -2.305 0.021704 *  
## ClubLos Angeles FC                  -30.41079   21.76568  -1.397 0.163170    
## ClubManchester City                  96.83197   15.97530   6.061 3.25e-09 ***
## ClubManchester United                98.80433   15.97985   6.183 1.62e-09 ***
## ClubMilan                            61.98080   15.98562   3.877 0.000124 ***
## ClubMontpellier HSC                  20.68960   21.56744   0.959 0.338017    
## ClubNapoli                           38.35802   15.96252   2.403 0.016738 *  
## ClubNew York City FC                -22.97849   21.73384  -1.057 0.291059    
## ClubOGC Nice                         -6.97572   21.67177  -0.322 0.747720    
## ClubOlympique de Marseille           13.38113   16.44696   0.814 0.416386    
## ClubOlympique Lyonnais               31.56126   16.99432   1.857 0.064059 .  
## ClubParis Saint-Germain              42.64442   16.02033   2.662 0.008099 ** 
## ClubPFC CSKA Moscow                 -46.06824   21.65809  -2.127 0.034056 *  
## ClubPSV                              -3.08373   17.68664  -0.174 0.861680    
## ClubRB Leipzig                       17.36340   17.21690   1.009 0.313850    
## ClubRC Celta                         -4.48255   17.70826  -0.253 0.800302    
## ClubReal Betis                       -0.38914   16.13913  -0.024 0.980776    
## ClubReal Madrid                     130.68902   16.07258   8.131 6.04e-15 ***
## ClubReal Sociedad                     4.89975   17.12023   0.286 0.774883    
## ClubRiver Plate                      -0.78092   21.65237  -0.036 0.971248    
## ClubRoma                             34.68815   16.06089   2.160 0.031412 *  
## ClubSampdoria                         3.72792   21.79562   0.171 0.864283    
## ClubSassuolo                         23.93910   18.73139   1.278 0.202020    
## ClubSC Braga                        -13.67874   21.72689  -0.630 0.529349    
## ClubSD Eibar                         -6.96624   18.89050  -0.369 0.712504    
## ClubSevilla FC                      -22.76084   16.36551  -1.391 0.165104    
## ClubShakhtar Donetsk                -42.30475   17.01802  -2.486 0.013351 *  
## ClubShanghai SIPG FC                -22.00654   18.79750  -1.171 0.242444    
## ClubSL Benfica                      -19.85059   16.31858  -1.216 0.224570    
## ClubSouthampton                      24.55940   21.70837   1.131 0.258626    
## ClubSporting CP                     -23.17914   16.41951  -1.412 0.158860    
## ClubStoke City                       32.53987   21.60154   1.506 0.132801    
## ClubSV Werder Bremen                  0.30871   18.69563   0.017 0.986834    
## ClubTorino                           12.14124   17.23802   0.704 0.481658    
## ClubToronto FC                      -31.60810   21.75736  -1.453 0.147115    
## ClubTottenham Hotspur                60.68673   15.87098   3.824 0.000154 ***
## ClubTSG 1899 Hoffenheim               5.17932   16.63278   0.311 0.755673    
## ClubValencia CF                      10.62578   15.98960   0.665 0.506745    
## ClubVfB Stuttgart                    14.54472   18.84605   0.772 0.440732    
## ClubVfL Wolfsburg                    19.64039   21.52725   0.912 0.362161    
## ClubVillarreal CF                    -2.57023   16.46835  -0.156 0.876060    
## ClubVissel Kobe                     -45.32817   21.90890  -2.069 0.039226 *  
## ClubWatford                          30.05096   17.77227   1.691 0.091676 .  
## ClubWest Ham United                  57.71836   16.59398   3.478 0.000563 ***
## ClubWolverhampton Wanderers          40.80178   17.74354   2.300 0.022015 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 15.2 on 381 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9385, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9231 
## F-statistic: 61.18 on 95 and 381 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
plot(m)
## Warning: not plotting observations with leverage one:
##   55, 88, 126, 168, 185, 187, 201, 235, 249, 255, 258, 272, 294, 309, 310, 338, 368, 376, 382, 383, 410, 418, 426, 434, 437, 439, 444, 445

plot(filtered.data$Wage_in_K,residuals(m))

3.3 Logistic Regression

view(data)
data %>% group_by(Club) %>% summarise(Mean_wage = median(Wage_in_K)) %>% view()
data %>% group_by(Club) %>% summarise(Mean_wage = mean(Wage_in_K))  -> tmp

tmp %>% ggplot(aes(x=Mean_wage))+
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 10,fill = "skyblue", color = "black")+
  geom_vline(xintercept = mean(tmp$Mean_wage), color='red')+
  labs(title = 'Distribution of Mean wages of clubs', x='Club Mean wage')

Right Skewed distribution Most of the clubs have very low wages, while very few clubs have significantly high wages

data$High_Wage <- ifelse(Wage_in_K > mean(tmp$Mean_wage), 1, 0)
attach(data)
## The following objects are masked from data (pos = 4):
## 
##     Age, Balance, Club, Height_in_Inches, ID, Jersey_Number, Name,
##     Nationality, Overall, Potential, Reactions, Strength, Value_in_M,
##     Wage_in_K, Weight_in_lbs
m <- glm(High_Wage ~ Value_in_M, family = binomial)
summary(m)
## 
## Call:
## glm(formula = High_Wage ~ Value_in_M, family = binomial)
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
## (Intercept) -2.13415    0.29912  -7.135  9.7e-13 ***
## Value_in_M   0.10737    0.01307   8.213  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
## 
##     Null deviance: 671.99  on 498  degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 547.28  on 497  degrees of freedom
## AIC: 551.28
## 
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5

Conclusion

Wage of soccer player depends on value, overall rating, balance rating, potential, strength rating, age and club. Given these factors are known, wage of a player could be calculated with 90% accuracy.

Although model explains 90% of wage, its linear assumptions may not be met since their is increasing variance of residuals with higher fitted values.